The Promotion of Solid Waste Management of the Dormitories in Khamriang Subdistrict Kantharawichai District,MahaSarakham Province of Thailand
SirinapaChaisantaow1, Wannasakpijitr Boonserm2, Kannika Sookngam3*
1,2,3 Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
* Corresponding Author : [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The purposes of this research were to study the state of solid waste management of the dormitories in Khamriang sub- district, Kantharawichai district, MahaSarakham province,to study and compare knowledge, attitudes and environmental ethics before and after the promotion, and students with different academic year. The sample used in this research were the dormitories in Khamriang sub-district and50 undergraduate students who lived in Somsiri dormitory, Khamriang sub- district, Kantharawichai district, Mahasarakham province being selected voluntarily sampling. The research instruments were the dormitory solid waste management manual, knowledge test, attitude test and environmental ethics test. The statistics used in the research were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and hypothesis testing using t-test, F- test (One – Way MANOVA, One – Way MANCOVA and Univariate Test). The results of the research showed that: 1) The state of solid waste management in dormitories in Khamriang sub-district, Kantharawichai district, Mahasarakham province, there were total 99 dormitories. There was solid waste about 2,419 kg / day. Almost solid waste was taken by the local government organizationto get rid.2) The promoting manual of solid waste management in the dormitories was efficiency of 88.66/82.60 and an effective index of 0.6847. 3) After the promotion, the students hadhigher average score of knowledge, attitude and environmental ethics than before the promotion with statistically significance at the .05. 4) There was difference between average score of knowledge of students with different academic year with statistically significance at the .05, but there was no difference between average score of attitudes and environmental ethics of students with different academic year.
Keywords
Promoting manual; Solid waste management; Knowledge; Attitude; Environmental Ethics
Introduction
At present, there are economic, social and technological developments, resulting in the expansion of urban society in many areas as the population increases. Lifestyle changes affecting consumption behavior,causing a large amount of solid waste and there is a tendency to increase every year.The past implementation of solid waste management has not taken into account the preparation for long-term management, due to limitations in the structure of the local government organization, personnel, budget and equipment, most of the operations have different characteristics, different budget allocations. Because the central government is limited and intermittent.Thailand's solid waste problem is considered an important problem and it is a breeding ground for insects and disease carriers.This is because microorganisms contaminated with solid waste which have chance to multiply more and more because solid waste has both moisture and organic matter that microorganisms use as food adversely affect the health of the people who live nearby and there is an unsightly impact on the scenery in the communitywhich the garbage situation in Thailand in 2019 generated approximately 28.71 million tons of solid waste (3 percent increase from 2018).The expansion of the urban community population increases consumer behavior of people who prefer more convenience, especially the delivery of goods from online ordering services, goods and food ordering services, has caused a large amount of plastic waste to reach consumers' hands. And the increase in tourists caused by tourism promotion solid waste management tends to improve. The community solid waste was sorted at the source and brought back to use 12.52 million tons (44% of the amount of solid waste generated).In this regard, 9.81 million tons of solid waste left after sorting and utilization will be properly disposed of 9.81 million tons (34% of the amount of solid waste generated). There are 2,666 community solid waste disposal sites that opened in 2019 and 25 community solid waste transfer stations [1].From the problems in the management of solid waste in MahaSarakham provincewas found that there were still many problems, for example, the amount of solid waste from the village increased.From the problems in the management of solid waste in MahaSarakham provincewas found that there were still many problems, for example, the amount of solid waste from the village increased. Because to the rapid expansion, most of the houses in the community are dependent on kinship systems, there are 30 villages in the administrative area, and the latent population who are students from many universities in the area of MahaSarakham province.As well as some people still use the waste management by burning method, causing the problem of bad smell of the garbage pile and the problem of smoke from burning garbagewhich directly affects the health of the people and in the long run, the problem of solid waste is also the cause of the problem of inefficiency in the community's public
13214 health management [2]. Currently, in the situation during the Covid-19 period, it is found that various urban areas and other tourist cities the total amount of plastic waste decreased from the usual 10,560 tons per day to 9,370 tons per day. Overall, the proportion of plastic waste increased, especially from ordering food in the form of delivery delivered to home dorm or workplace which in Khamriengsub - district is one area with a large number of latent populations and dormitories.Most of the waste is plastic wastecaused by food delivery in the form of delivery began to grow for a while with the growth of the Online Shopping system, which has clearly expanded since the last 2-3 years as consumers want more convenience and technological advances discomfortable society and travel caused a lot of plastic and foam waste during the coronavirus situation [3].
Khamriang sub-district Municipalityis an area related to the Institute of Higher Education MahaSarakham University, it has about 10 tons of general waste per day and 10 tons of wet garbage per day. The are 18,037 population in Kham Riang sub- district, there are also outsiders passing in and out, or come to use the service in a number of universities, so they have problems with solid waste management.Therefore,Khamriang sub-district Municipality operates on solid waste management in the community into 2 types, which are rural communities and urban communities. This is caused by many aspects, including the rapidly increasing amount of solid waste and it is expected that the amount of solid waste will continue to increase. Both the efficiency of garbage collection are not able to store all the solid waste. This is due to insufficient manpower and equipment. There are 1 vehicle to collect garbage with a capacity of 6 tons and a capacity of 4 tons, 1 vehicle, 1 driver and 3 staff members of the garbage truck. Khamriang Sub-district Municipality does not have its own waste disposal facility.At present, the Khamrieng sub-district Municipality has to pay for the disposal of solid waste to the MahaSarakham Municipality on average, 4.98 baht /kg,from such condition Khamrieng sub-district Municipality has an increasing amount of solid waste, so it is necessary to start at the root cause from the creation of solid waste until the disposal of the student's dormitory residents. By emphasizing cooperation in solid waste management,applying the concept of environmental ethics about solid waste management in the dormitory is to draw on the potential of the students who live in the dormitory to develop and benefit the students who live in the dormitory themselves.Because students who live in dormitories are a very important target group in various operations. When students who live in dormitories are as strong as cooperating and self-reliance development of student residents,adhering to environmental education principles in solid waste management. This is an important process that makes participants feel the importance of solid waste management at every step. make those who come to develop in society can carry out development as required and consistent with reality [4].
From the above problems, the researchers interested in studying solid waste management of the dormitories in Khamriang sub-district,Kantharawichai district,MahaSarakham province to provide students and residents with more knowledge, attitudes and environmental ethics.
Research objectives
1) To study the state of solid waste management of the dormitories in Khamriang sub-district, Kantharawichai district, MahaSarakham province.
2)To study and compare knowledge, attitudes and environmental ethics of undergraduate students before and after promotion and undergraduate students with different academic years.
Methodology
1.Population and sample
1)The population used to study the state of solid waste management were 160 dormitories in Khamriang Sub-district.
Kantharawichai district MahaSarakham provinceand 110 undergraduate students who lived in Somsiri dormitory, Khamriang sub-district, Kantharawichai district. MahaSarakhamProvince.
2)The sample group used to study the amount of solid waste was dormitories in Khamriang Sub-district,Kantharawichai district MahaSarakham province, were 99 dormitories by voluntary sampling and the samples used in the promotion were 50 undergraduate students who lived in Somsiri dormitory, Khamriangsub-district, Kantharawichai district. MahaSarakham province,by voluntary sampling.
2.Research design
The promotion of solid waste management of dormitory in Khamriangsub-district Kantharawichaidistrict
MahaSarakhamprovince by using one sample group as an experimental group(One Group Pretest-Posttest Design) as shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Research sign of the promotion (One Group Pretest-Posttest Design)
Experimental group Pretest Treatment Posttest
E T
1X T
2E = Experimental group, T1= The pre-test, X = Treatment, T2 = The post-test.
3. The research instruments
3.1) Questionnaire about solid waste management in the dormitory was procedured as follows;
1) Create the questionnaire about solid waste management in the dormitory . This is open-ended question consisting of part 1general information, part 2 information on solid waste management, and part 3 information on problems in solid waste management.
2) Bring a manual created for 5 experts to consider the appropriate content in the development of questionnaire
3) Analyze based on the average score of 3.50 or high as a decision criterion. The suitability of a questionnaire was an average of 4.40, indicated that the standard deviation (S.D.) of its is 0.08, which is very appropriate and the conformance value (IOC) was 0.82.
4)Take the survey to collect the data withthe dormitories.
3.2)The manual of solid waste management in the dormitory was procedured as follows:
1)Study information from textbooks, related research papers to guide the creation of a manual of solid waste management in the dormitory
2) Prepare the contents of a manual of solid waste management of the dormitory in Khamriangsub- district,Kantharawichaidistrict,MahaSarakham province which consists of 6 units namely; unit 1: General information about solid waste, unit 2 : Solid waste collection and transportation,unit 3 : Reducing plastic and foam problems,unit 4 : Solid waste management and disposal technology,unit 5 : Innovative waste disposal and unit 6 : Solid Waste Law.
3) Bring a manual created for 5 experts to consider the appropriate content in the development of the manual
4) Analyze based on the average score of 3.50 or high as a decision criterion. The suitability of a manual was an average of 4.44, indicated that the standard deviation (S.D.) of it is 0.07, which is very appropriateand the conformance value (IOC) was 0.83.
5) Improve the manual based on the results of suitability assessment and expert recommendations and bring itto try out with 30 undergraduate students who live in Prasertsuk dormitory and are not the sample.
6) Bring a manual used with the sample undergraduate students who live in Somsiri dormitory Khamriangsub- district,Kantharawichai district,MahaSarakham province.
3.3)Knowledge test about solid waste management in the dormitory.
1) Study the principles and methods of creating a knowledge test on solid waste management from documents, books and related research.
2)Create knowledge test which has 30 items and is multiple choice with 4 options; a, b, c and d, choose only the cheapest answer. The criterion is for correct answers =1point, wrong answers = 0 points. The criterion for interpreting the average scores was 24.00 - 30.00 at the highest level, 18.00 - 23.99 at high level,12.00 - 17.99 at moderate level, 6.00 - 11.99 at low level and 0.00 – 5.99 at the lowest level.
3) Bring it to 5 experts to consider the consistency of the research instrument with the objectives. It was found that the it was an IOC value of 0.90, which is greater than 0.50 or more. It showed that all questions are relevant to the subject matter and the purpose can be used for data collection.
4Bring it to try out with 50students who are not the samplewho live in PrasertsukKhamriangsub- district,Kantharawichai district,MahaSarakham province to analyze the difficulty power to classify each item and
13216 confidence in the whole issue, it was found thatall of the questions were of the lowest level of difficulty (0.65)and the highest(0.96). Analyze the power to discriminate each item with a value of 0.20 or more, it was found that every question had a power to discriminate on each item at a usable level, i.e., it was a discriminating power between 0.50 - 0.73. As for the confidence value of the whole version of the knowledge test using Cronbach's alpha coefficient method (α – Cronbach Coefficient), it was found that the confidence value was 0.966, indicating that all knowledge tests were in accordance with the value being acceptable values greater than 0.70which can be used to collect data with the sample.
3.4) Attitude test towards solid waste management in the dormitory.
1)Study the principles constructing an attitude scale towards solid waste management in the dormitory from related documents, books and research articles.
2) Make consisted of 30 questions with a rating scale of 5 levels; the average score is 1.00 – 1.80 for strongly disagree, the average score is 1.81 – 2.61 for disagree, the average score is 2.62 – 3.41 for neutral, the average score is 3.42 – 4.21 for agree and the average score is 4.22 – 5.00 for strongly agree.
3) Bring it to 5 experts to consider the coherence of the instrument used in the research with the objectives. It was found that it is an IOC value of 0.87, which is greater than 0.50 indicating that all questions are relevant to the subject matter and purposes for which the data can be collected.
4) Bring it to try out with 30 students who are not the samplewho live in Prasertsuk, Khamriangsub-district, Kantharawichai district,MahaSarakham province, people for the power to classify each item and confidence in the whole issue and analyze the power to discriminate each item with a value of 0.20 or more, found that every question is a power to discriminate each item at a usable level, i.e., it had a discrimination power between 0.60 - 0.80.As for the confidence value of the whole version of the measure of attitude to the environment using Cronbach's alpha coefficient method (α – Cronbach Coefficient), it was found that the confidence value was 0.968, indicating that all criteria of the attitude towards environment measure were in accordance with where acceptable values are greater than 0.70which can be used for data collection.
5) Take it to improve and make a complete version for collecting data with the sample.
3.5)Environmental ethics test.
1)Study the principles constructing attitude test towards solid waste management from related documents, books and research articles.
2) Build Environmental ethics testwhich there are 30 items, 4 options: A, B, C and D. There are 4 levels set by the ethical rating as follows: the average score is 1.00 - 1.75 for myself, the average score is 1.76 - 2.50 for relatives and friends, the average score is 2.51 - 3.25 for society and the average score is 3.26 - 4.00 for correctness and goodness.
3) Bring it to 5 experts to consider the consistency of the instrument used in the research with the objectives. It was found that it was an IOC value of 0.90, which was greater than 0.50 indicating that all questions had the subject matter and purpose which can be used for collecting information.
4) Bring it to try out with 30students who are not the samplewho live in Prasertsuk Dormitory, Khamriang sub- district, Kantharawichaidistrict MahaSarakham provincefor the power to classify each item and confidence in the whole issue, it was found that each item's discriminating power by using the criteria to classify the high and low groups to analyzing the power to discriminate each item with a value of 0.20 or more found that all questions had a valid discriminant power, i.e., their discriminant power was between 0.36 - 0.89, while the overall confidence value of the environmental attitude scale by Cronbach's alpha coefficient method (α – Cronbach Coefficient) It was found that the confidence value was 0.980, indicating that all environmental ethics measurements met acceptable values of 0.70 or higher which can be used for data collection.
5) Take it to improve and make a complete version for collecting data with the sample.
4. Data collection
The researcher divided the data collection into 3 phases in the promotion of solid waste management of the dormitories in Khamriang sub-district, Kantharawichai district MahaSarakhamprovince:
Phase 1; The study the state of solid waste management in 99 dormitories in Khamriangsub-district.
Phase 2;Development of a manual on solid waste management in the dormitoriesof Khamriangsub-district.
Phase 3;The promotion of solid waste management in dormitories of Khamriang sub-districtas shown in Table 2.
Table 2.Plan for the promotion of solid waste management of the dormitories in Khamriang sub-district, Kantharawichai district,MahaSarakham Province
Time Promotion unit Duration (hours)
1 unit 1: General information about solid waste. 3
2 unit 2 : Solid waste collection and transportation. 3
3 unit 3: Reducing plastic and foam problems. 3
4 unit 4: Solid Waste Management and Disposal Technology. 3
5 unit 5: Innovative waste disposal. 3
6 unit 6:Solid Waste Law 3
Total 18
5. Research statistics
The statistics used to analyze the data in this research the details are as follows:
1) Basic statistics were frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation.
2) Statistics test the performance of the tool; 2.1) were the suitability of the environmental conservation school activity manual,2.2) Conformity index value,2.3) Difficulty of the environmental conservation knowledge test,2.4) The power to classify each item of the questionnaire using Item-total correlation,2.5) The confidence according to Cronbach's alpha coefficient formula,2.6) Process efficiency factor (E1), 2.7) Result efficiency factor (E2)and 2.8) Effectiveness Index (E.I.)
3) Statistics for test hypotheses at the .05 level of statistical significance; 3.1) Paired t-test. 3.2) One-Way MANOVA. 3.3) One-Way MANCOVA. 3.4) Univariate Test. 3.5) Comparisons of each pair according to Scheffe's method in One-Way ANOVA.
6. Research conceptual framework
Figure 1.The research Conceptual framework.
Study the state of solid waste management of the dormitories in Khamriang Sub-district, Kantharawichai district, Maha Sarakham province.
Create a research manual;
1. a manual for waste management in the dormitory.
unit 1General information about solid waste.
unit 2Solid waste collection and transportation.
unit 3Reducing plastic and foam problems.
unit 4Solid Waste Management and Disposal Technology.
unit 5Innovative waste disposal.
unit 6 Solid Waste Law.
2. Knowledge of waste management.
3. attitude towards waste management.
4. environmental ethics.
Phase 1
Phase2
The promotion of solid waste management of the dormitory in Khamriang sub-district, Kantharawichai district, Maha Sarakham province with the sample
Phase3
Send to check and find the quality of the tool by 5 experts and use it to try out.
13218 Results
1. From the study the state of solid waste management of dormitories in Khamriengsub- district,Kantharawichaidistrict,MahaSarakhamprovince,found that there are a total of 99 dormitories with 5,985 roomswhich has a total population of 7,329 residents and a total amount of solid waste in the dormitory 2,419 kg /
day,by managing solid waste in 67 dormitories in Khamriengsub-
district,Kantharawichaidistrict,MahaSarakhamprovince, represent67.68%, was not sorted solid waste in 32 dormitories, or 32.32%.Most of the dormitories have recycling waste sorting, followed by wet waste, dry waste, and the least is hazardous waste. (As shown in Figure 2)
And most dormitories have ways of disposing of solid waste by sending it to the municipality for disposal,next is the number of piles on the floor,pile on the floor and burn,used to make compostand the least is landfill in the hole. (As shown in Figure 3)
From the study the state of solid waste management in dormitorieswas found that 74 dormitories are problems in solid waste management, or 74.75%, and 25 of them, or 25.25%, are no problems in solid waste management.Most of the problems encountered are residents who do not see the value and consequences of solid waste.followed by residents who dispose of garbage in the wrong place and do not separate the waste,residents do not have a solid waste management plan in the dormitory,residents lack knowledge and expertise in the management of solid waste in the dormitory and the least is There are no rules for handling solid waste in the dormitories. (As shown in Figure 4) In addition, most entrepreneurs have need for solid waste management, which is to promote knowledge and expertise,followed by creating knowledge labels at various points,organize waste management system,provide a place inside the dormitory and the least is Implement a reduction and segregation campaign. (As shown in Figure 5)
Figure 2.Classification of solid waste in the dormitories.
Figure 3.Garbage disposal in the dormitories.
Figure 4.Problems and obstacles in the management of solid waste in dormitories.
Figure 5. The need for solid waste management of solid waste in the dormitories.
2. The comparison of knowledge, attitudes and environmental ethics about solid waste management in the dormitories before and after the promotion, it was found that (as shown in Table 3);
1)At the posttest, the students had higher average score of knowledge aboutsolid waste management in the dormitories than the pretest statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).
2) At the posttest ,the students had higher average score of attitudes towards solid waste management in the dormitories than the pretest statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).
3) At the posttest ,the students had higher average score of environmental ethics than the pretest statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).
13220 Table 3. The comparison of average scores ofknowledge,attitude and environmental ethics of students before and
after promotion using t-test (Paired t-test)
Topic Pretest
Level Posttest
Level t df p
𝒙 S.D. 𝒙 S.D.
Knowledge (N = 30) 13.44 1.16 Low 24.78 1.20 High -48.63 49 .000*
Attitude (N = 5) 2.61 0.08 Disagree 4.22 0.86 Strongly
agree -104.688 49 .000*
Environmental ethics
(N = 4) 2.23 0.20
Ethics for relatives and
friends
3.39 0.14
Ethics for correctness and goodness
-33.074 49 .000*
* Statistically significance .05
3. The comparison of average score on knowledge, attitude and environmental ethics of the students among the students with different academic years, found that there was significantly different of average score of knowledge, attitude and environmental ethics (p < 0.05).Then comparing the one-way variance of knowledge, attitude and environmental ethics of students with different academic years using Univariate Test, it was found that there was average score of knowledge of solid waste management of students with different academic years significantly different .05. But there was no of average score of attitude and environmental ethics of students with different grade levels significantly different .05. (as showed in Table 4-6).
Table 4. The result of the comparison of the multiple variances of knowledge, attitude and environmental ethics of students with different academic years using One-Way MANOVA.
Test statistics Value Hypothesis df Error df F p
Pillai's Trace .373 9.000 138.000 2.179 .027*
Wilks' Lambda .655 9.000 107.235 2.265 .023*
Hotelling's Trace .484 9.000 128.000 2.297 .020*
Roy's Largest Root .368 3.000 46.000 5.644 .002*
* Statistically significance .05
Table 5. The results of comparing the one-way variance of knowledge, attitude and environmental ethics of students with different academic years using Univariate Test.
Dependent variable variance SS df MS F p
Knowledge Contrast
Error
16.229 54.35
3 46
5.410 1.182
4.579 .007*
Attitude Contrast
Error
.034 .336
3 46
.011 .007
1.543 .216
Environmental ethics Contrast Error
.063 .965
3 46
.021 .021
1.000 .402
* Statistically significance .05
Table 6. The comparison of knowledge of students with different academic years in pairs according to the Scheffe method.
Grade levels 𝒙 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
24.78 25.61 24.58 24.00
1st undergraduate students 24.78 - 0.283 .973 .370
2nd undergraduate students 25.61 - - .147 .009*
3rd undergraduate students 24.58 - - - .650
4th undergraduate students 24.00 - - - -
* Statistically significance .05
Discussions
1.From the study of solid waste management in dormitories in Khamrieng Sub-district, Kantharawichai district, MahaSarakhamprovince found that there are a total of 99 dormitories with 5,985 roomswhich has a total population of 7,329 residents and a total amount of solid waste in the dormitory 2,419 kg / day, managing solid waste in the dormitory in Khamrieng Sub-district Kantharawichai district MahaSarakham province Solid waste in 67dormitories , representing 67.68%, was not sorted solid waste in 32 dormitories, or 32.32%. Most of the dormitories have recycling waste sorting, followed by wet waste, dry waste, and the least is hazardous waste.Most dormitories have a way to dispose of solid waste by sending it to the municipality for disposal. Next is the number of piles on the floor.
And the least is landfill in the pit. From the study of solid waste management in dormitories, it was found that 74 of the dormitories had problems in solid waste management, or 74.75%, and there were no problems in solid waste management in 25 places, representing a hundred. 25.25 %. In addition, most of the problems encountered were from residents who did not see the value and consequences of solid waste, followed by residents who disposed of garbage in the wrong place and did not separate the waste first. and the least is There are no rules for handling solid waste in the dormitories.Most of the entrepreneurs have a need for solid waste management, which is to promote knowledge and expertise, followed by creating knowledge labels at various points. and the least is Implement a reduction and segregation campaign.According to the concept ofUthidDuangphasuk and SantidhornPooripakdee[5] garbage is caused by leftovers from various activities. abandoned from communities, houses, shops, commercial areas, buildings, offices, industrial plants, service businesses. The involvement of people in garbage collection is minimal, making it difficult to pick up trash. AndTraiphobChaisinrapin[6]said that these problems arise from communities where there is a lot of waste due to a lack of knowledge about waste separation and proper disposal. And ChatchaponSongsunthornwong[7] said that the generation of waste is caused by the overproduction or use of things, such as the production of goods with multiple layers of paper or plastic and the purchase of goods by wrapped individually or in multiple plastic bags, resulting in a large amount of waste. Most people lack awareness of household waste management. And waste management measures are not strict and the landfills are not enough to meet the current amount of wastewhich is consistent with the research of LaphonAj-Sri and SiwatSripokhangkul[2]
found that the amount of solid waste in MahaSarakham municipality was 61,925 tons/year. Most of the main components of solid waste were food waste, followed by plastic and paper waste, there is a form of waste disposal as a landfill. Problems in waste management consist of personnel, budget, tools and equipment. and the waste disposal site Due to the large amount of waste, the waste disposal area is insufficient to store the waste. And YuwatVuddhimeti and SuppawanPhiromthong [8]found that the problem was caused by the improper management of the waste disposal system in technical and technical terms. and deficiencies in the performance of the responsible agencies,there are factors in the management of solid waste problems in the area, including law and enforcement, leadership, good governance. and having an organization responsible for managing solid waste.From the study of solid waste management in dormitories in Khamrieng Sub-district Kantharawichai district MahaSarakham province shows that knowledge, attitudes and human ethics are very important to solid waste management.
2. The comparison of knowledge, attitude and environmental ethics about solid waste management in the dormitories before and after the promotion as follows:
1) At the posttest, the students had higher average score of knowledge about solid waste management in the dormitories than the pretest. This is a result of the use of an efficient and effective solid waste management manual as a medium for the lecture on solid waste management by using the environmental education transfer process in the promotion process coupled with a variety of learning activities and the exchange of ideas during the promotion.As a
13222 result, students have an understanding of waste management in the dormitory.According to the concept of AdisakSingseewo[9] said that environmental education is an educational process that focuses on developing people to appreciate natural resources and the environment, as well as to understand the relationship between humans and the environment. AndKasemChankaew[10] said that environmental education is a systematic and methodical process of providing knowledge in the development of skills, attitudes and experiences. causing the concept of thinking and solving problems.which is consistent with the research ofPhraThepsureeChankao and PiyapongJanmaimool [11]found that the students had knowledge of solid waste management. After participating in the activity higher than before participating in the activity.And NirunYingyuad [12]found that the students had higher knowledge about waste management after the activities than before participating in the activities. AndKan Nakapong, NongnapasThiengkamol and AekwinKoonboonchan[13] found that the community has knowledge and understanding about solid waste management in the community. after training higher than before training.AndSuparatOngon, PrayoonWongchantra, WutthisakBunnaen [14]found that the students had higher knowledge about the environment after studying than before.It showed that the process of organizing activities promoting solid waste management in the dormitory was interesting. There is more knowledge and understanding after promotion.
2)At the posttest ,the students had higher average score of attitudes towards solid waste management in the dormitories than the pretest.This is a result of the promotion process that affects the level of opinions in activities between groups in thinking, analyzing and exchanging opinions. Encourage students to participate and affect their behavior in the management of solid waste in the dormitory.According to the concept of SuchatSomprayoon[15] said that attitude is about the state of readiness of the mind which reacts to the environment both in a concrete manner.
And KamolratLasuwong[16]said that attitude is an index that indicates behavior arising from learning or individual experience can change according to the environment.This is consistent with the research of PrayoonWongchantra[17]found that the students had a higher attitude towards recycling waste after the training than before the training.AndAriya Wongphimsorn and PrayoonWongchantra [14]found that the students had higher attitude towards green university after training than before training.AndJiranootThinkamchoet and PrayoonWongchantra[18]found that the students had higher attitude towards ASEAN natural resources and environment after the training than before the training.show that Organizing activities to promote waste management in the dormitories for students living in the dormitories is an important process that can make students have a positive attitude towards waste management in dormitories. As a result, students had higher attitudes after participating in the activities.
3) At the posttest ,the students had higher average score of environmental ethics than the pretest.This is a result of the promotion of activities designed for students to participate in the practice of solid waste management in the dormitory.There are also examples to be used as case studies for students to see the importance of current waste management. This gives students knowledge, understanding and awareness that results in students having environmental ethics.According to the concept ofPrayoonWongchantra[19]said that environmental ethics is a principle of environmental practice for human beings that upholds integrity. Correctness according to the principles of morality and kindness that should be treated with the environment. AndPreeyaporn Wong-anutararot[20] said that environmental ethics is the principle that should behave towards the natural environment. In order for the natural environment to exist in accordance with the balance of the natural environment that is harmoniously and sustainably.Which is consistent with the results of the studyUraiwanPraimee and WannasakphijitBoonserm[21]found that the students had higher environmental ethics regarding waste and waste management after school than before.
And LikhitJunkaew, PrayoonWongchantra, WutthisakBunnaen [22]found that the students had higher ethical environment after the training than before the training.And PisarnKhrualit and ChaiwatSutthirat[23]found that the first-year students who participated in the environmental camp extracurricular activities had higher environmental ethics after participating in the activity than before participating in the activity.Show that Organizing activities to promote waste management in dormitories for students residing in dormitories has a good promotion process, resulting in higher environmental ethics among students after participating in activities.
4) There was significantly different of average score of knowledge, attitude and environmental ethics. Then comparing the one-way variance of knowledge, attitude and environmental ethics of students with different academic years using Univariate Test, it was found that there was average score of knowledge of solid waste management of students with different academic years. But there was no of average score of attitude and environmental ethics of students with different academic years.This is a result of promoting activities that use effective manuals as media for lectures to create knowledge, understanding, perception, facts, and detailed events in solid waste management in
dormitories.causing students to observe and be able to think analytically from the simulation of waste management in the dormitory that is an activity during the lecture,it also creates a good atmosphere suitable for students of different levels, which is a strategy that affects the disclosure of ideas and leads to practice and realizes the importance of solid waste management.As a result, students of different grade levels have different knowledge about solid waste management in dormitories. and students in different grades had different attitudes and environmental ethics are no different.According to the concept of UthumphonPailin[24]said that knowledge is the perception of facts. arising from observation, education, experience in both natural environment and basic knowledge society of the individual that the individual has memorized or collected and can manifest behaviorally observable or measurable. And SangjanSopakan[25]said that attitude is the inclination of the mind towards human experience. may be more or less and this attitude can be expressed in behavior. And PhraSongSerm[26] has said that environmental ethics aims to understand the environment. and create an environment-friendly relationship with mutual generosity which is consistent with the results of the study. And JackritThinkhamchoet and PrayoonWongchantra [13]found that students of different grade levels had different knowledge about environmental conservation schools.And SalineeSriwongchai, PoramadSetthee and SripanyaPrasongsoo [27] found that students with different educational levels had no different opinions on waste management.AndWorawatChanwirat, PrayoonWongchantra, WutthisakBunnaen[28]found that students of different grade levels had environmental ethics regarding environmental development and occupational health in schools no different.It was shown that after the students participated in the activities to promote solid waste management in the dormitories, the students at different levels had different knowledge about solid waste managementand attitudes towards solid waste management waste management ethics are different.
Conclusion
1) The state of solid waste management in dormitories in Khamriang sub-district, Kantharawichai district, MahaSarakham province, there were total 99 dormitories. There was solid waste about 2,419 kg / day. Almost solid waste was taken by the local government organization to get rid.
2)The comparison of knowledge, attitudes and environmental ethics about solid waste management in the dormitories before and after the promotion, it was found that;
2.1)At the posttest, the students had higher average score of knowledge about solid waste management in the dormitories than the pretest statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).
2.2) At the posttest,the students had higher average score of attitudes towards solid waste management in the dormitories than the pretest statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).
2.3) At the posttest,the students had higher average score of environmental ethics than the pretest statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).
2.4) The comparison of average score on knowledge, attitude and environmental ethics of the students among the students with different academic years found that there was significantly different of average score of knowledge, attitude and environmental ethics (p < 0.05). Then comparing the one-way variance of knowledge, attitude and environmental ethics of students with different academic years using Univariate Test, it was found that there was average score of knowledge of solid waste management of students with different academic years significantly different .05. But there was no of average score of attitude and environmental ethics of students with different academic yearssignificantly different .05.
Acknowledgement
This research project was financially supported by Mahasarakham University. This research was successfully completed thanks to the great kindness and help from Center of Environmental Education Research and Training, Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University and Foundation of Environmental Education.
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