Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 6, 2021, Pages. 17769 - 17774 Received 25 April 2021; Accepted 08 May 2021.
Design and Implementation of Battery Management System for Electric Vehicle Charging Station
V. Deepika1, S.Saravanan2, N.Mohananthini3, G.Dineshkumar4, S.Saranraj5, M.Swathisriranjani6
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Muthayammal Engineering College (Autonomous). Rasipuram 637408, Tamilnadu, India.
[email protected]1, [email protected]2,[email protected]3
ABSTRACT
Power is the crucial key for the commercial growth of any developing country. This paper represents the Battery Management System (BMS).This method to observe the battery inner process and ambient temperature, current, voltage and supervising the overcharging and deep discharging function. The State Of Charge (SOC) is most necessary criterion of the batteries, which reflects the battery accuracy and its status. In Mathematical modeling approaches Coulomb-counting method to estimate SOC of the battery is used during charge and discharge. The output from solar panel, battery energy storage system in both source side and load side are employed to charge an electric vehicle in charging station. If any emergency purpose power from grid is used to charge an electric vehicle. In this study, maintain the SOC of battery while overcharging or deep discharge beyond its limit in both source side and load side in electric vehicle charging station. The performances of the proposed method are evaluated through simulations using MATLAB/ Simulink software.
Keywords: Photovoltaic; State of charge; Coulomb Counting Method; Battery Management System.
Introduction
Nowadays, the need of energy is rapid rise for everyone life. It has been contributed the concept of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is completely pollution free. Growing of population in the world, an additional more number of EVs required. An electric vehicle has acquired a most important role in an electrification transport. The charging of the vehicles with battery energy management system is more concern about battery life cycle. The charging of EVs using renewable sources like solar is adoptable energy source and efficient. In battery estimate the state of charge (SOC) helps to find available energy and improving battery life span. To maintain the SOC of battery while overcharging or discharge beyond its limit, mathematical modeling is used to predict the battery capacity and its performance.
Various kinds of methodologies for charging a EVs and storage of energy from renewable source are analyzed in the literature. Implementation of EVs charging station with energy management system is discussed. Biya and Sindh [1] explained about charging of electric vehicle in charging station with the support of solar powered output and battery energy management system is briefly concluded. ArifSenol SENER [2] improved the battery life cycle and ultra-capacitor with an relevant size of the electrical apparatus utilized by recognizeto evaluatein the electric motor driven. old technology is used to compose an electric vehicle.Jeevak S.Lokhande et al.[3] the proposed the lithium-ion batteries is efficient for electric vehicle battery management and Energy management should notice the problem of overcharge and also replace the energy to balancing utilization. Xiangjiang Yang et al. [4] conveyed about battery management system using matrix switching network method. To develop battery bank accuracy and its cell balancing effectiveness are briefly analyzed.YashrajTripathy1et al.[5]compared different types of state estimator
Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 6, 2021, Pages. 17769 - 17774 Received 25 April 2021; Accepted 08 May 2021.
algorithms which is suitable for battery charging and implications of cell. Inaki Ojer et al.[6]described about electric bus rapid charging station is conveyed with a Energy Storage System(ESS) to the upcoming vehicles for the purpose of limiting the usage of power from grid.Viet T.Tran et al.[7] described about energy management. Combination of both home photovoltaic and electric vehicle battery system to charge an electric vehicle and decrease the use of grid power. Meriem Ben Lazreg et al.[8]explained SOC estimation of enhanced Coulomb counting algorithm used in lithium ion batteries to protect the battery from damage during overcharge and deep discharge. Mukesh Singh et al.[9]conveyed SOC estimated using combined Coulomb counting method and fuzzy logic implemented to improve efficiency of battery.Darsana Saji et al.[10] discussed SOC estimation by combination of coulomb counting and fuzzy logic method. The result shows that improvement of efficiency and downscale the error.
Proposed System
In this proposed work, implementation of battery management system for a charging electric vehicle in loading stations done. The proposed electric vehicle charging station block diagram as shown in Fig.1.Solar considered as the initial source to charge the battery. The source side battery stores the energy. The energy from the solar PV delivers to load side battery with maintaining the SOC of battery using mathematical modeling algorithm. In some cloudy weather conditions, or power from PV at night not there, the source side battery stores the energy. The stored energy is provided to charge the load side EVs battery connected in the charging station. If battery in both source side and load side to be overcharging or discharging, breaker will open to protect the battery SOC. Whenever there is a insufficient power output of PV or source side BESS to charge the load side battery in EVs charging station, required power from grid will be added to charge an EVs in case of emergency purpose ensuring continuous operation of charging station through the day. The analysis is important as accurate predictions can heighten the efficiency of a battery SOC, life span and the performance.
Figure 1. Proposed electric vehicle charging station block diagram.
Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 6, 2021, Pages. 17769 - 17774 Received 25 April 2021; Accepted 08 May 2021.
A. AC grid with bidirectional converter
In case of energy deficiency in battery storage system and output from the solar power which is utilized from grid to charge an electric vehicle.
B. Solar PV with BESS
The output of solar will be stored in battery and then it directly supplies power to the load side battery in day time. In case of overcharging / discharging of battery is protected by maintaining the state of charge and coulomb counting algorithm is used.
C. Load side BESS
The load side battery is charging from output of source side when the SOC of battery decreased or if excess power charged, charge controller will protect the battery and its life span.
D. Electric vehicle as load
The charging of electric vehicle from load side BESS. After charging electric vehicle excess energy in BESS is used to charge a dummy load.
Method to determine the battery state of charge (SOC) during charge and discharge
SOC describing energy available in the battery and also maintaining the life cycle of battery. In fact SOC estimation of battery prevents from overcharge and over discharge beyond its limit, which may cause permanent damage to the inner structure of battery. In general, the SOC of a battery is defined as the ratio of its energy available in the battery (Q (t)) to the maximum manageable charge that can be saved in the battery (qn).The State of charge can be defined as
SOC = Q(t) / Q(n) (1)
The unit of SOC expressed as percentage. A battery when it is fully charged has an SOC is 100%. A battery when it is deep discharge has an SOC is 0%.
Voltage obtainable from battery and Ampere-Hour (Ah) rating of the battery is well known, essential amount of power for an electric vehicle is determined by corresponding equation ,
EEVS= SOCrVEVS Ahrating (2)
Various mathematical modeling available to determine SOC of the battery status. The most common and accurate one is Coulomb counting method.
Coulomb counting method
Battery current integration method is otherwise known as Coulomb counting method. In this method deep discharging current to be considered and combines over time to enumerate the energy available in the battery.
SOC is kept at the SOC (t-1 ) prior time step and the amount of energy eliminated/ in addition to at the instant time step to attain energy available in the battery present instant. Coulomb counting method is used to evaluate, which is obtain from deep discharging current and prior determined
Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 6, 2021, Pages. 17769 - 17774 Received 25 April 2021; Accepted 08 May 2021.
SOC values.SOC calculated by corresponding equation, SOC(t)= t−1t SOC(t-1)+ I(t)
Q (3)
Simulation results
The simulation results shows that state of charge estimation of both source side and load side battery. The three parameter of the both source both source side and load side battery has been considered such as current, voltage and SOC.
Figue2. Source side SOC estimation
Figure.3. Charging battery with constant SOC
Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 6, 2021, Pages. 17769 - 17774 Received 25 April 2021; Accepted 08 May 2021.
Figure.4. Load side SOC estimation
In source side output of PV is used to charge a battery.Voltage is slightly increased, current slowly decrease. The percentage of battery not exceed below 20% during discharging as shown in Figure2.
The output of source side battery to charge a load side battery maintaining the SOC of battery not below 20% during deep discharge as shown in Figure3.
When the source side battery connected load it’s started discharging, current increased, voltage slowly reduced and percentage of SOC getting reduced.
Once it’s reached optimal level automatically battery and load isolated. The above simulations result shows that SOC of battery does not exist below 20 percentages during discharging as shown in Figure4.
Conclusion
In today’s world, need of an electric vehicle is more precious for our day to day life usage.
Battery management system is the essential in EVs and battery. The state of charge estimation in battery by coulomb counting method is preferred. It is the simplest and accurate one. The proposed work of this paper is to maintain SOC of battery does not exist below 20 percent during deep discharge and if excess energy to be charged in both load side and source side battery due to overcharge automatically isolated from load. In future research work deals with voltage fluctuations in charge controllers predict and rectify by artificial intelligence and machine learning will implement to charge an electric vehicle.
Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 6, 2021, Pages. 17769 - 17774 Received 25 April 2021; Accepted 08 May 2021.
References
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[2] Arif Senol Sener. (2019). Improving the Life-Cycle and SOC of the Battery of a Modular Electric Vehicle Using Ultra-Capacitor, International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, pp.611-614.
[3] Jeevak S.Lokhande, P.M.Daigavhane and Mithu Sarkar. (2020). A Critical Approach Towards a Smarter Battery Management System for an Electric Vehicle, International conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics, pp.232-235.
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[7] Viet T.Tran, Md.Rabiul Islam and Kashem M. Muttaqi, Danny Sutanto. (2019). An Efficient Energy Management Approach for a Solar-Powered EV Battery Charging Facility to Support Distribution Grids, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 55- 6.
[8] Meriem Ben Lazreg, Ines Baccouche, Sabeur Jemmali Université de Sousse, Bilal Manai and Mahmoud Hamouda. (2019). SOC Estimation of Li- Ion Battery Pack for Light Electric Vehicles using Enhanced Coulomb Counting Algorithm, International Renewable Energy Congress.
[9] Mukesh Singh, Praveen Kumar, Indrani Kar. (2013). A Multi Charging Station for Electric Vehicles and Its Utilization for Load Management and the Grid Support, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, pp. 1026–1037.
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