Received 05 March 2021; Accepted 01 April 2021.
Iot Based System for Garbage Segregation
Radhamani.V
[1],Dr.B.Priya
[2],Dr.Asha.A
[3],Gokul. S
[4], Aravindh. RM
[5]Assistant Professor(SG)
[1], Professor t
[2], Associate Professor
[3],Student
[4,5]Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu602105.
Email id: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected] ABSTRACT:
This paper proposes IoT Stationed Garbage Segregation System. The World is facing a huge problem nowadays of disposal, segregation and recycling of solid waste, and inappropriate management of these wastes are hazardous and dangerous to human health and ecological system. The waste substance will be segregated with the help of sensors and detectors via IoT.
Waste segregation avoid plight and also reduces the difficulty of recycling. The importance and the economic value of waste is realized only when it is segregated. This paper proposed an Waste material Segregation in scrap industry. Microcontroller is utilized as an association between the sensors and IoT module. This method is easy and simple solution of segregation of waste into dry, wet, metal and plastic. It is designed to sort the trash into metallic waste, dry waste and ready to be processed separately for the next process of operation using IoT.
Key Words:Waste Segregation, Metal Detection 1. INTRODUCTION
The generation and disposal of waste in large quantities has created a larger concern over time for the world which is poorly affecting the human lives and environmental conditions. The waste becomes valuable if it is segregated and recycled the recent advancements in technology made waste to become useful entity with conversion of waste to different forms and harness energy such as Waste to Energy, in conversion method the waste can be employed to generate synthetic gas made up of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The gas after burning can be used to produce steam and electricity. Waste to Fuel, for generation of bio fuels[1].
In recent times, garbage disposal has become a huge cause for concern in the world. A large amount of waste that is generated is disposed by means which have a bad effect on the environment[2]. The common method of disposal of the waste is by unplanned and uncontrolled open dumping at the landfill sites. This method is injurious to human health, plant and animal life. This harmful method of waste disposal can generate liquid leach ate which contaminate surface and ground waters can harbor disease vectors which spread harmful diseases and can degrade aesthetic value of the natural environment and it is an unavailing use of land resources. In India, rag pickers play an important role in the recycling of urban solid waste. Dependency on the rag-pickers can be decrease if segregation takes place at the source of municipal waste generation. When the waste is segregated into basic streams such as wet, dry,plastic and metallic, the waste has a higher potential of recovery, recycled and reused. The wet waste part is often converted into methane-gas. The metallic waste could be reused or recycled. The benefits of doing so are that a higher quality of the material is taken for recycling which means that more value could be recovered from the waste. The segregated waste could be directly sent to the recycling plant. We are implementing a smart system which is a cheap, easy to use solution for a segregation system at households.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
In 2018, Mohammed Adam proposed an proper waste management, But many of the authorities are not fulfilling their duty to provide efficient ways of controlling the generation of waste at source, collecting, transporting, disposal of that waste well manneredly. Because of this inefficient collection of waste, the accumulated waste is often mixed with excreta of humans and animals in the drains and responsible for flooding of roads during rains, insect breeding and finally results into spreading of diseases. Segregation at source itself is the important strategy for efficient waste management. Segregation in India is improper and is not seriously considered by households, commercial shops and offices. On an average 20 percent of total country’s waste can be segregated properly at the source for recycling if proper practice of segregation methods are cultivated by individual[3].
In 2010, Jiu Huang proposed indirect sorting method to sort solid waste by using optical sensor and mechanical separating system. In this system color, shape and dimension of the waste is used for separation of waste. The mechanical sorting device consists of a compressed air nozzle which is controlled by a computer; the target particles which were recognized by sensor were blown out of the main waste stream. In Electrostatic separation or induction sorting method has been proposed to sorting of the granular mixtures due to electric forces acting on particles whose average size is approximately 5 mm[4].
In 2018, BakriNasreldeen proposed a new idea called recycle bot which uses image processing technique to distinguish waste into recyclable and non-recyclable material. Zig Bee is also used. This system is complex and communication between modules is necessary to work efficiently. A methodology for collection of domestic waste and disposal of it was proposed using an IOT based system. The main aim of municipalities is to keep the localities clean, but does not aim segregation and recycling techniques of waste at domestic level. The automatic waste management system uses artificial intelligence deep learning technique to classify waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable .
In 2017, K. Gayathri Devi has proposed an idea that the wastes are been segregated as metallic waste and non-metallic wastes with the help of metal sensor. And in some papers they simply uses magnets to segregate metallic and nonmetallic, but they didn’t get accurate results. In some other paper they only detects the wet and dry wastes with the help of moisture sensors and segregate accordingly. And also odour sensor is used to segregate degradable wastes which makes foul smell. The notable dispute in waste architecture is that trash bins by the side of open loopholes becomes avalanched far ahead on time in advance of the beginning of following cleanliness action. It leads to various threats such as foul odour& ugliness to that region which might also be the root reason for spread of a variety of diseases .
In 2018, Eyhab Al-Masri proposed an idea on Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) with technologies which are suggested for the segregation of waste such as Magnetic separation, Eddy current separation, Air classification, wet separation etc. for the separation of ferrous, non-ferrous, plastic, glass and organic waste. To do that, first waste is separated into different sizes by using Screen or trammel and each dimension of waste are processed separately[6].
3. METHODOLOGY
Waste Segregation include the activities and actions required to segregate waste from its inception to its final disposal.
Waste is produced by human activity by the extraction and processing of raw materials. Waste segregation is intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on human health, the environment. Waste management practices are not uniform among countries regions and residential and industrial sectors can all take different approaches. A large portion of waste management practices deal with municipal solid waste (MSW) which is the bulk of the waste that is created by household, industrial, and commercial activity.
3.1WASTE SEGREGATION
Waste segregation is dividing waste into dry and wet. Dry waste includes wood and related products, plastics, metals and glass. A wet waste typically refers to organic waste usually generated by eating establishments and are heavy in weight due to dampness. Waste is collected at its source in each area and separated. The way that waste is sorted must reflect local disposal
Fig 1: Waste segregation
Received 05 March 2021; Accepted 01 April 2021.
systems. Various Categories of Waste: • Paper/ Cardboard , Plastics and Metals.
3.2 WASTE SEGREGATION HIERARCHY
The important goal of Waste Segregation should be to reduce the amount of disposable waste and preserve valuable, limited landfill space. This goal can be met by reusing and recycling as much material and waste as possible. Many process including those involving chemical, biological or radiological agents, may present opportunities for waste minimization, reuse and recycling to decrease the amount of waste requiring disposal. Prior planning for potential incidents should include identifying opportunities for waste minimization and developing criteria and options for reuse and recycling[7]. The Waste Segregation Hierarchy indicates an order of preference for action to reduce and manage waste, and is usually presented diagrammatically in the form of a pyramid.
REDUCE
Communities can take steps to reduce the amount and toxicity of incident generated waste. Communities can limit the possible spread of contamination by sealing access points to the sewer or water system with drain covers. The initial planning and preparation efforts communities take to minimize the amount and toxicity of incident-generated waste have several environmental benefits[8].
REUSE
Reuse refers to materials that can be used again in their original form. These items typically are not removed from the site[11]. Communities should evaluate their reuse program to ensure it can be scaled up to handle incident-generated materials. To maximize reuse opportunities for different materials during an incident, a viable reuse infrastructure, such as end markets for salvaged products, should be in place prior to an incident. Risk communication should be a part of waste-related community outreach plans to help ensure public acceptance of the salvaged materials[9].
RECYCLE
Recycling is the process of collecting and processing materials that would otherwise be disposed of as waste and turning them into new products. Items usually are recycled off-site. Communities should evaluate their recycling program for everyday wastes to ensure it can be scaled up to handle incident-related wastes. To maximize recycling opportunities for different waste streams during an incident, a viable recycling infrastructure, such as recycling facilities and end markets for recycled products, needs to be in place prior to an incident. Green building programs, Local waste management ordinances and Building code requirements can encourage the creation and help maintain a robust and functioning recycling infrastructure. Communities should establish criteria for recycling various waste streams[10].
4. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Fig 2: Block diagram
4.1Arduino UNO:
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used
as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button[12].
It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter.
Arduino Uno has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another Arduino board, or other microcontrollers[13].
4.2IoT
• The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of everyday objects — physical things embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and connectivity enabling data exchange.
• Basically, a little networked computer is attached to a thing, allowing information exchange to and from that thing.
• Be it lightbulbs, toasters, refrigerators, flower pots, watches, fans, planes, trains, automobiles, or anything else around you, a little networked computer can be combined with it to accept input (especially object control) or to gather and generate informational output (typically object status or other sensory data).
• This means computers will be permeating everything around us — ubiquitous embedded computing devices, uniquely identifiable, interconnected across the Internet.
• Because of low-cost, networkable microcontroller modules, the Internet of things is really starting to take off.
4.3 POWER SUPPLY
• Step-down transformer is used to convert the 230v ac into 12v ac.
• Rectifier will convert 12v ac into 12v dc.
• Filter is used to reduce harmonic signal.
• Regulator is used for 12v dc into 5v dc by ic7805. Because the microcontroller will run only in 5v.
4.4USB CAMERA
USB Cameras are imaging cameras that use USB 2.0 or USB 3.0 technology to transfer image data. USB Cameras are designed to easily interface with dedicated computer systems by using the same USB technology that is found on most computers. The accessibility of USB technology in computer systems as well as the 480 Mb/s transfer rate of USB 2.0 makes USB Cameras are ideal for many imaging applications. An increasing selection of USB 3.0 Cameras is also available with data transfer rates of up to 5 Gb/s.
5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Fig 3: Separating Metal Waste Using Metal Detector
The simplest form of a metal detector consists of an oscillator producing an alternating current that passes through a coil producing an alternating magneticfield. If a piece of electrically conductive metal is close to the coil, eddy currents will be induced (inductivesensor) in the metal, and this produces a magnetic field of its own. the change in the magnetic field due to the metallic object can be detected. If a metal is detected then it will fall in metal garbage bin
Received 05 March 2021; Accepted 01 April 2021.
Fig 4: Segregating the Plastics via Pi Camera.
All Raspberry Pi cameras are capable of taking high-resolution photographs. Based on the images taken by camera using image processing the waste is identified as plastics and it will separate in the bio degradable bin with the help of side mounted arm.
Fig 5: Segregating the Paper Waste via Pi Camera
All Raspberry Pi cameras are capable of taking high-resolution photographs. Based on the images taken by camera using image processing the waste is identified as paper and it will separate in the bio degradable bin.
Table 1 List of waste materials detected/Not detected
Thus, from the above results it clearly shows the waste is Detected or not and also the amount of Waste Segregated.
6. CONCLUSION
The proposed method is an efficient solution to the current waste management problem which effectively segregates metal, and plastic which can also be used to segregate dry waste[14]. This system can be effectively deployed in industrial material segregation, scrap shops etc. For future work, it can be extended to the edge computing capabilities of recycle to a wider network of distributed IoT edge devices and enhance the recycle. The Automated Material Segregation system (AMS) effectively employs inductive proximity sensor to identify metallic items, and capacitive proximity sensors.This proposed work aims at segregation of waste materials in particular metal, and plastic. It is the first step towards recycling[15]. Recycling the waste materials has a huge impact on the economic condition of the country since recycling of plastic can reduce the manufacture of plastic using renewable resources and it also has an immense effect on the environment by effectively managing the solid waste.
7. REFERENCES
