• Nu S-Au Găsit Rezultate

View of Studies on Hematological Differences of Cat Fish Mystus Montanus in Three Different Ponds Near Eral, Thoothukudi District, Tamilnadu

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Share "View of Studies on Hematological Differences of Cat Fish Mystus Montanus in Three Different Ponds Near Eral, Thoothukudi District, Tamilnadu"

Copied!
6
0
0

Text complet

(1)

Studies on Hematological Differences of Cat Fish Mystus Montanus in Three Different Ponds Near Eral, Thoothukudi District, Tamilnadu

Dr.T.Sakthika1,A.Anbumalar2

1Assistant Professor of Zoology, A.P.C.Mahalaxmi College For Women, Thoothukudi

2 Research Scholar, V.O.C.College, Thoothukudi.

ABSTRACT

The present study was designed to evaluate the haematological parameters of catfish (Mystusmontanus) in three different ponds near Eral, Thoothukudi District, Tamilnadu. Thirty adult fish of Mystusmontanus, ten from Perumkulam pond, ten from Petmanagaram pond and ten from Arumugamangalam pond were used for the present study. The application of haematological procedures is very important in assessing fish health as it monitors stress and pollutants in the pond. The mean weight and length of fish from pond were 10±2 g and 12±3 cm. There were no significant differences of haematological parameters between the fish in the ponds of Perumgulam and Petmanagaram. However, significant differences were observed (P<0.050) in the Full blood count, Haematological indices and Differential Leukocytes counts of fish in the Arumugamangalam pond.

Keywords:

Three ponds, Mystusmontanus, Haematology, Pollution index.

Introduction

The deterioration of water quality of freshwater resource is becoming faster which leads to a global problem (Mahanandaet al, 2005). Discharge of toxic chemicals over extraction of aquifer and contamination water body with unwanted substances excessive algal growth are some of the major causative agents of water quality degradation. Several researchers (Singh and Mathur2005., Gupta and Shukla 2006) observed that freshwater is gradually becoming a scarce commodity due to exorbitant pollution, over exploitation, etc. Dwivedi and Pandey (2002) reported that industrial waste water, sewage and municipal wastes are being continuously added to water reservoirs which affect the physicochemical quality of water and also making them unfit for even use of livestock and other organisms. Uncontrolled discharge of domestic waste water into the ponds has resulted in eutrophication of ponds (Pandey and Pandey 2003). The added unwanted substances may be arbitrarily classified as biological, chemical, physical and radiological impurities in addition to industrial wastes, commercial solvents, metal, acid, salts, sediments, pesticides, herbicides, plant nutrients, radioactive materials, decaying animal bodies, vegetable matters and living microorganisms (Gay and Proop 1993). All these impurities result in degradation of water quality, like bad taste, colour, odour, turbidity, hardness, corrosiveness, staining and frothing. Ponds which are relatively small in size are important part of our urban ecosystem, and they perform several environmental, social and economic functions, viz. as a source of drinking water, recharging groundwater and acting as sponges to control flooding, supporting biodiversity and providing livelihoods (Sahaet al, 2017).

Substantial knowledge of the haematological parameters of fish, is an important tool that can be used as an effective and sensitive index to monitor physiological and pathological changes in fishes. Normal ranges for various blood parameters in fish have been established by different investigators in fish physiology and pathology (Xiaoyun, 2009). Studies on blood indices has proven to be a valuable criteria for assessing the health status of both cultured and wild fish, as these indices provide reliable information on metabolic disorders, deficiencies and chronic stress

(2)

status before they manifest clinically (Bahmani, 2001). Exogenous factors, such as management, diseases and stress, always induce marked significant changes in haematological parameters (Svobodova, 2008). Studies of the haematological parameters have been carried out to determine the systematic relationships among certain species (Filho, 1992). It is well known that blood comprises 1.3–7% of the total body weight of fish and it represents one of the most active components which, accompanied by haematopoietic organs, contributes to metabolic processes by ensuring gas exchange between the organism and the environment (Belanger, 2001). For this reason, blood parameters are increasingly used as indicators of the physiological condition or sub-lethal stress response in fish to endogenous or exogenous changes (Belanger, 2001). Red blood cell indices provide information about the haemoglobin content and size of red blood cells, abnormal values indicates presence of anemia and type of anemia (Stockham, 2002). These indices include the Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC). Fish Blood is one of the most readily accessible body fluid used for diagnostic purposes (Romeo, 2006). Haemogram is particularly recommended as routine tests in fish hatcheries as a marker for health status in fish (Adakole, 2005).

The purpose of this present study was to obtain a baseline knowledge on the haematological variations of the fish (M. montanus) living in three different ponds. Assessment of haematological parameters will provide useful information for further research that can be used as a biomarker in association with stress conditions and as an available tool to diagnose and monitor disease conditions in fishes.

METHODOLOGY The study area

The three ponds are located in SrivaikuntumTaluk of Thoothukudi District. The latitude of Perunkulam pond is 8.658921o North and 77.984499º East, Petmanagaram pond is 8.650192o North and 77.94769º East and Arumugamangalam pond is 8.649577o North and 78.036203º East.

The rainfall is monsoonal, generally been heaviest in November and December. The study was conducted in the month of April 2019, during this period the pond was filled with 1/4th capacity of water. The total of thirty adult catfish of both sexes was randomly used for this study. The mean weight of pond fish was found to be 10±2 g and 12±3 cm.

Haematological procedures

The fish were transported alive in plastic trough containing chlorine free water to the Laboratory.

The fish were allowed to acclimatize at water temperature range of 24 to 27oC for two weeks prior to the commencement of the study. The fish were fed twice on daily basis throughout acclimatization period, but was withheld 24hours prior to the commencement of the procedure.

Blood was collected through caudal vein of the fish by hanging the fish in upright position using a 2ml sterile plastic syringe. Plastic instead of glass syringe was used in order to prevent quick coagulation (Smith et al., 1993). Determination of haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and leucocytes differential counts were all carried out using SYSMAX XP 100 Auto Analyzer.

Statistical analysis

The results were expressed as mean± standard error of mean. Differences between the three ponds were analyzed using ANOVA. The statistical analysis was carried out using sigma plot for windows, version 11.0; Build 11.2.0.11and differences were considered significant at (P<0.050) and not significant at (P>0.050). In the table, a is = Significant at 5%, b is = Significant at 1 % and c is = Insignificant.

(3)

RESULTS

Table 1: Water parameters

Table 2: Full blood count

Parameter Perumkulam Petmanagaram Arumugamangalam

Hb (g/dl) 6.34 ± 0.72 8.45 ± 0.43c 5.66 ± 0.12a

PCV (%) 11.70±2.1 13.22±1.86 9.50±1.48 a

RBC ( x 106/ mm3) 3.20±0.15 3.86±0.17c 2.95±0.12 a

ESR (mm) 2.05±0.35 1.15±0.26 2.87±0.40 a

Where Hb= Haemoglobin, PCV= Packed cell volume, RBC= Red blood cells, WBC= White blood cells & ESR= Erythrocyte, sedimentation rate

Table 3: Hematological indices

Parameter Perumkulam Petmanagaram Arumugamangalam

MCV (fl)) 8.53 ± 0.61 8.74 ± 0.75 7.86 ± 0.16 a

MCH (pg 30.56 ± 3.13 33.28 ± 2.68 29.50±1.48 a

MCHC (%) 28.48 ± 2.32 27.57 ± 3.01c 22.95±0.14 a

Where MCV= Mean corpuscular volume, MCH= Mean corpuscular, haemoglobin& MCHC=

Mean corpuscular haemoglobin Concentration No Parameters Units Value

Perumkulam Petmanagaram Arumugamang alam

1 Temperature T oC 29 29 32

2 pH 7.3 7.2 7.9

3 Total suspended solids mg/l

ppm 25 28 45

4 Total dissolved solids mg/l

ppm 680 650 850

5 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l

ppm 260 280 450

6 Calcium as CaCO3 mg/l

ppm 58 44 87

7 Magnesium as

CaCO3 mg/l

ppm 56 43 93

8 Sodium as Na mg/l ppm 70 75 103

9 Potassium as K mg/l

ppm 42 33 56

10 Carbonates as CaCO3 mg/l

ppm 32 24 48

11 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l

ppm 68 75 89

12 Chlorides as Cl mg/l

ppm 354 327 556

13 BOD5 mg/l ppm 3 4 8

(4)

Table 4: Differential Leucoytes count

Parameter Perumkulam Petmanagaram Arumugamangalam

HET (%) 32±3.32 33±2.54 43±4.56 a

MON (%) 10.45±2.21 9.87±3.24 13±3.67 a

EOS (%)) 9.43±1.77 8.60±1.71 11.57±2.23 a

BAS (%) 2.70 ± 1.25 2.23 ± 0.55c 3.45 ± 1.76 a

LYM (%) 33.70±2.60 35.36±3.10 30.46±2.40 a

Where HET= Heterophil, MON= Monocyte, EOS= Eosinophil, BAS= Basophil, & LYM=

Lymphocyte

Discussion

Erythrocytes and white blood cells are the most important indicators in examining physiologic changes (Larsson et al., 1985). The result of the haematological parameters of the fish in Perumkulam and Petmanagaram pond fish in the present study shows no significant difference between the Hb, PCV, RBC and WBC values. However, the difference was significant in the fish collected from Arumugamangalam pond. It is known that erythrocyte numbers and haemoglobin concentrations show differences depending on temperature and oxygen saturation.

For this reason, it is really hard to decide if the difference stems from pollution or environmental factors in question.

In this study, water quality parameters were determined to show if there are significant differences that can affect the blood parameters. The data showed no significant differences (P>0.050) among the ponds Perumkulam and Petmanagaram and significant differences (P<0.050) of water parameters were observed in Arumugamangalam pond.

The count of RBC was quite a stable index and the fish body attempt to maintain this count within the limits of certain physiological standards using various physiological mechanisms of compensation. Haemoglobin concentration reflects the supply of an organism with oxygen and the organism itself attempts to maintain the oxygen level as much stable as possible. Therefore, all hematological indices can be secondary responses of an organism to pollutant or changing environment.

Significant differences of Heterophil, Eosinophil, Basophil and lymphocytes were observed in the fish of Arumugamangalam pond, which agrees to the report of Yayiet al., (2012) where they reported similar value in fresh water fish Oreochromisniloticuson catfish exposed to diazinon.

The difference in the ratios of leucocytes can be attributed to stress associated with glucocorticoid release which can act to increase the number of heterophils to lymphocyte ratios (Davis et al., 2008). The significantly altered blood parameters of the fish in Arumugamangalam pond is due to the application of insecticides like pyriproxifen and Dinotefuran.

Existing data on the effects of pollutants on RBC indicated that pollutants like insecticide and industrial effluents have affinity for the blood stream, which produced a number of abnormalities in the blood (Yekeen and Fawole, 2011). The pollutant in the Arumugamangalam pond is due to the indiscriminate application of insecticides for the agriculture activities of farmers. Pollutants like insecticides have the capacity to penetrate into the RBC (Yekeen and Fawole, 2011), this was reported to have induced the formation of anti-erythrocyte antibodies. The reasons for decrease in erythrocytes from the blood may be extravasations, aplasticanaemia or immunohaemolyticanaemia.

(5)

Conclusion

The three ponds of the present study receive water from the river Tamirabarani. The water parameters of the three ponds reveal the real status of the water after its usage for agricultural activities. The fish of the ponds is captured for food by the local people. This investigation may be helpful as a tool to monitor the health status of M. montanusand other related fish species. The evaluation of hematological parameters will grant early detection of clinical pathology of the fish as well as the presence of disturbance in the environment.

References

[1] Adakole, J.A, (2005). Acute toxicity of a metal-finishing company waste water to Clariasgariepinus fingerlings Nigeria. Afr. J Aquat Sc. 20(2):69-71.

[2] Bahmani, M., R.Kazemi and P.A.Donskaya, (2001). Comparative study of some hematological features in young reared sturgeons (Acipenserpersicus and Husohuso). Fish PhysiolBiochem.

2001; 24:135-140.

[3] Belanger, J.M., Son, J.H., Laugero, K.D., et al. (2001). Effects of short-term management stress and ACTH injections on plasmacortisol levels in cultured white sturgeon, Acipensertransmontanus. Aquaculture. 203:165-176.

[4] Davis, A.K., Mane, D.L and J.C. Maerz, (2008). The use of leucocyte profile to measure stress in vertebrates: A review for ecologist, DB Warnell School of forestry and natural resources, University of Georgia.

[5] Dwivedi, B.K and G.C. Pandey, (2002). Physico-chemical factors and algal diversity of two ponds, (Girija and Maqubara Pond), Faizabad. Pollut Res 21:361–370.

[6] Filho, D.W., G.J.Elbe., and G. Cancer., et al (1992). Comparative hematology in marine fish.

Comp Biochem and Physiol. 102:311-321.

[7] Gay P.W and J..L.RProop, (1993). Aspects of river pollution. Butterworths Scientific Publication, London.

[8] Gupta, S and D.N. Shukla, (2006). Physico-chemical analysis of sewage water and its effect on seed germination and seedling growth of sesamumindicum. J Res NatlDev 1:15–19.

[9] Homatowska, A., J.Wojtaszek and A.Adamowicz, (2002). Hematologicalindices and circulating blood picture in sun bleak Leucaspiusdelineatus. ZoologicaPoloniae. 47(3-4):57-68.

[10] Larsson, A., M.L.Johansson-Sjobeck and R. Fanger, (1976). Comparative study of some haematological and biochemical blood parameters in the fishes from Skagerrak. J Fish Biol.

9:425-440.

[11] Mahananda, H.B., M.R.Mahanand and B.P. Mohanty, (2005). Studies on the physico-chemical and biological parameters of a fresh water pond ecosystem as an indicator of water pollution.

Ecol Environ Conserv 11(3–4):537–541.

[12] Romeo, S., L.Donatti ., O.M.Frietas and J.Telxecira (2006). Blood parameter analysis and Morphological alterations as biomarkers on the health of Geophagusbrasiliensis. Braz Arch Biol Technol. 49(3):344-347.

[13] Saha, S., A.Mandal and D.Sahoo, (2017). Study of physico-chemical parameters of three different urban pond water of Nadia district, West-Bengal, India. Int J Fish AquatSci 5(6):23–

27.

[14] Singh, R.P and P. Mathur, (2005). Investigation of variation in physico-chemical characteristics of a fresh water reservoir of Ajmer city, Rajasthan. Indian J Environ Sci 9:57–

(6)

61.

[15] Smith, R.B., J.K.Finnergan., D.S.Larson and H.B.Haga, (1993). Toxicologic Studies on Zink and Disodium Ethylene BisdithioCarbamates. J PharmocolaxpTher. 33:319-330.

[16] Stockham, S.L and M.A. Scott (2002). Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. Ames, Iowa State University Press, 434-459.

[17] Svobodova, Z., H.Kroupova.,H.Modra., M.Flajshans et al, (2008). Haematological profile ofcommon carp spawners of various breeds. J ApplIchthyol. 24:55-59.

[18] Xiaoyun, Z., L.Mingyun., A.Khalid and W. Weinmin (2009). Comparative of haematology and serum biochemistry of cultured and wild DojoloachMisgurnusanguillicadatus. Fish PhysiolBiochem. 35:435-441.

[19] Yayi, A.J., J.Auta.,S.J.Oniye., J.A.Adakole and V. Solomon, (2012). Effects of sub lethal concentrations of Cypermethrin and some haematological parameters of the fresh water fish Oreochromisniloticus in static Bioassay. Nig. J Fish. 9(1):390-39.

[20] Yekeen, T.A and O.O. Fawole, (2011).Toxic effects of endosulfan on haematological and biochemical indices of Clariasgariepinus Afr. J. Biotechnol. 10(64),14090-14096

Referințe

DOCUMENTE SIMILARE

The water quality characteristics, which were significantly different (p&lt;0.05) among the study stations, include water temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and

, Mean value theorems and their connection to the interpolation theory, Editura Dacia, Cluj, 1972 (in Romanian).. [4]

The broiler litter and urea fertilizer significantly increased both dry matter and protein content of forage corn but no significant differences on those components were

In overall, before the mechanical processing, significant differences (p&gt;0.05) in mean values were observed between the OPVs and hybrid seeds for normal seedling

Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among treatments on given traits, antioxidant enzymes activity, fatty acids percentage, plant height, seed weight

Foliar application with 30mg.liter-1 selenium under conditions of completed irrigation and lack of zeolite showed that there are not significant differences among

However, the statistical analysis showed no significant(P&gt;0.05) differences between them. A significant P&lt;0.05) improvement was observed in active sperm motility

The results showed that there were no significant differences in live body weight, weight increase ,and feed conversion Ratio, while significant differences