• Nu S-Au Găsit Rezultate

VOL. XXXVIII/B 2008

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Share "VOL. XXXVIII/B 2008 "

Copied!
724
0
0

Text complet

(1)

ANALELE UNIVERSITĂŢII DIN CRAIOVA

AGRICULTURĂ MONTANOLOGIE

CADASTRU

VOL. XXXVIII/B 2008

LUCRĂRI ŞTIINŢIFICE

ANALES OF THE UNIVERSTY OF CRAIOVA ANALES DE L'UNIVÉRSITÉ DE CRAIOVA

ISSN 1841-8317

(2)

2

ANALELE UNIVERSITĂŢII DIN CRAIOVA

AGRICULTURĂ MONTANOLOGIE

CADASTRU

VOL. XXXVIII/B 2008

LUCRĂRI ŞTIINŢIFICE

ANALES OF THE UNIVERSTY OF CRAIOVA ANALES DE L'UNIVÉRSITÉ DE CRAIOVA

EDITURA UNIVERSITARIA CRAIOVA

2008

ISSN 1841-8317

(3)

ANALELE UNIVERSITĂŢII DIN CRAIOVA

13 A.I. Cuza street, Craiova

ROMANIA

ANALES OF THE UNIVERSTY OF CRAIOVA ANALES DE L'UNIVÉRSITÉ DE CRAIOVA

The Internaţional Conferance was organized by the University of

Craiova, Facvulty of Agriculture, in cooperation with ASAS, Craiova Branch

(4)

4

EDITORIAL BOARD:

Chief Editor: Reader MARIANA NICULESCU, PhD., Chancellor Members:

Professor SOARE MARIN, PhD.

Professor CĂLINA AUREL, PhD.

Professor ALEXANDRU TUDOR, PhD.

Professor STANCU IANCU, PhD.

Reader PÂNZARU RADU LUCIAN, PhD.

Reader COLĂ MUGUREL, PhD.

Reader DUMITRU ILIE, PhD.

Reader BORUZ SORIN PETRUŢ, Phd.

Associate Editor:

Professor IVAN ILIEV, PhD., Sofia, Bulgaria Professor VLADO LICINA, Beograd, Serbia

Secretary:

Assist. DRAGOŞ MEDELETE, PhD.

Assist. MARIUS MILUŢ, PhD.

(5)

EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD:

Professor VLADIMIRESCU IOAN, PhD. – Rector of the University of Craiova Professor OLTEANU EDMOND GABRIEL , PhD. – University of Craiova, Chancellor Professor SOARE MARIN, PhD. – Faculty of Agriculture Craiova, Dean

Reader NICULESCU MARIANA, PhD – Faculty of Agriculture, Chancellor,

Reader PÂNZARU RADU LUCIAN, PhD. – Faculty of Agriculture Craiova, Vice Dean Professor CĂLINA AUREL, PhD. – Faculty of Agriculture Craiova, Vice Dean

Professor STEFANO GREGO, PhD. – Univerity Tusccia, Viterbo, President of the E.S.N.A., Italy

Professor MICHAEL PÖSCHL, PhD. – University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Czech Republic

Professor IVAN ILIEV, PhD. – University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria

Professor SAVIN LAZAR, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia Professor WALTER STAHLI, PhD. – University of Stuttgart, Germany

Senior Researcher OPREA CRISTIANA, PhD, - Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, Dubna Moscow, Russian Federation

Professor associate LIDIA MISHEVA, PhD.- Institute of Soil Science, Sofia, Bulgaria Professor VLADO LICINA, PhD. - University of Belgrad, Faculty of Agriculture, Vice President of the E.S.N.A., Serbia

Dr. LASZLO FENYVESI, Director of Hungarien Institute of Agricultural Engineering Godolo, Hungary

Professor ABAS ZAPHIRIS, PhD. - Democritus University of Thrace (Orestiada), School of Agriculture Development,

Acad. Professor HERA CRISTIAN, PhD., Romanian Academy, A.S.A.S "Gheorghe Ionescu Şişeşti”

Acad. Professor SIN GHEORGHE, President of A.S.A.S "Gheorghe Ionescu Şişeşti”

Professor NICOLESCU MIHAI, PhD. – Vice President of the A.S.A.S. "Gheorghe Ionescu Şişeşti”

Professor GANGU VERGIL, PhD. - member of the A.S.A.S., "Gheorghe Ionescu Şişeşti”

Professor BRIA NICOLAE, PhD. - member of the A.S.A.S. "Gheorghe Ionescu Şişeşti”

Professor ROMAN VALENTIN GHEORGHE, PhD. –U.S.A.M.V. Bucureşti, member of the A.S.A.S "Gheorghe Ionescu Şişeşti”

Dr. NICOLESCU C. MIHAI, member of A.S.A.S "Gheorghe Ionescu Şişeşti”

Professor POPESCU SIMION, PhD. – University of Brasov, member of the A.S.A.S

"Gheorghe Ionescu Şişeşti”

Professor ROTAR IOAN, PhD. – U.A.S.M.V. Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Agriculture Cluj- Napoca, Dean

Professor CIONTU CONSTANTIN, PhD. – U.S.A.M.V. Bucureşti, Faculty of Agriculture, Dean

Professor LEONTE CONSTANTIN, PhD. – U.S.A.M.V. Iaşi, Faculty of Agriculture, Dean Professor MARIN DORU, PhD.- U.S.A.M.V. Bucureşti, Faculty of Agriculture, Chancellor Professor IANCU STANCU, PhD. – Faculty of Agriculture Craiova, Head of Department Professor MOCANU ROMULUS, PhD. - Faculty of Agriculture Craiova

Professor IONESCU IOANIN, PhD. – Faculty of Agriculture Craiova, Director of the Research Centre

(6)

6 W

WOORRKKIINNGG GGRROOUUPP 33:: FFUUNNDDAAMMEENNTTAALLLLYY DDIISSCCIIPPLLIINNEESS AANNDD EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT AANNDD PPLLAANNTT MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT

PAULINA ANASTASIU, G. NEGREAN - Plante strāine noi în România

-New alien plants species in Romania... 12 PAULINA ANASTASIU, GABRIELA PASCALE, I. CRISTUREAN - Consideraţii privind pajiştile dintre Valea Sārāţelului şi Valea Slānicului, judeţul Buzāu - Regarding on grasslands between Sārāţelului

valley and Slānicului valley, Buzāu County... 11 D. APOSTOL, I. PINTILIE, MARIA DINU - Studiul şi evaluarea unor varietăţi de ardei iute –

Reasearch regarding the study and evaluation of several varieties of hot pepper……… 21 H. BADESCU, C. SALCEANU - Însusiri ereditare importante ale liniilor de porumb

consangvinizate, important genomic features with few inbred corn lines ... 27 I. BERCEA - Cercetări privind creşterea şi dezvoltarea puieţilor de gârniţă şi cer în arboretele

din partea vestică a podişului Getic - Research paper regarding hungarian oak and turkey oak

growth and evolution within brushes located in the western part of the Getic Plateau……….. 31 I. BERCEA, A. SĂRARU - Cercetări privind rezistenţa la umbrire a puieţilor de gârniţă şi cer –

Research regarding hungarian oak and turkey oak resistance to shade………. 45 ELENA BONCIU, PAULA IANCU, M. SOARE - Determinarea performanţelor agronomice la cativa hibrizi de floarea-soarelui (Helianthus Annuus) – The agronomic performances determination

to some sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) hybrids... 54 ELENA BONCIU, N VOICA - Potentialul genetic de productie la cativa hibrizi de floarea-soarelui

cultivati in Regiunea Olteniei - The genetic yielding potential to some sunflower hybrids cultivated

in Oltenia Region... 60 LUMINIŢA BUŞE-DRAGOMIR - Studiul proceselor fiziologice şi biochimice care au loc în

plantele de narcissus pseudonarcissus pe parcursul creşterii şi dezvoltării - The study of physiological and biochemical processes which happen in narcissus pseudonarcissus plants

along the growth and development... ... 66 LUMINIŢA BUŞE-DRAGOMIR - Modificări fiziologice şi biochimice produse de ciuperca Alternaria helianthi la plantele de floarea soarelui – Physiological and biochemical modifications

produced by Alternaria helianthi fungi on sunflower plants... 71 CARMEN BEINŞAN, R. ŞUMĂLAN, D. CAMEN, MARIANA BABĂU, RADULOV ISIDORA, BERBECEA ADINA - Efectele stresului osmotic asupra suprafeţei foilare şi conţinutului de clorofilă la unele populaţii locale de fasole (phaseolus vulgaris l.) din banat - Effect of osmotic stress on

leaf area and clorophyll content of some bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) local landraces from banat area.. 77 S. CIULCA, E. MADOŞA, ADRIANA CIULCA, C. AVADANEI, S. CHIŞ. Evaluarea interacţiunii genotip x mediu asupra unor componente de producţiela grâul de toamnă - Evaluation of

genotip x environment interaction on some yield components in winter wheat... 81 L. COREŢCHI - Genetic improvement of soybean resistance to biotic stress through mutations ……… 88 FILOFTEIA (MANOLE) CONSTANTINESCU, LUMINITA MARUTESCU - Real-time pcr for detection of clavibacter michiganensis ssp. Sepedonicus and ralstonia solanacearum on potato tubers. 91 NICOLETA CONSTANTINESCU, V. POLI, I. PINTILIE - F1 tomato hybrids from SCDL Isalnita

Dolj……….98 G. C. CORNEANU, MIHAELA CORNEANU - Cercetări in biotehnologia vegetala: utilizarea

fluidelor magnetice - Researches in vegetal biotechnology: the use of magnetic fluids... 103 MIHAELA CORNEANU, G. C. CORNEANU, CORNELIA HERNEA,MARIANA NICULESCU, C. NETOIU, DANIELA POSTA, I. SARAC, ANDREEA PETCOV - Studies on the flower and

leaves variability in robinia pseudoacacia genotypes of south Oltenia... 111 SONIA CRUCERU - Survey regarding on the limitation of nutritive area at the Murraya paniculata

species cropping... ... 120 M. DANCI, OANA DANCI, C. TUDOR- RADU, C. STAN, S. KIŞ, F. BERBENTEA - Studii privind numărul de boabe în spicul principal la somaclonele şi gametoclonele soiului Dropia - Studies

concerning the number of grains in the main spike for Dropia’s somaclones and gametoclones... 124 RETA DRAGHICI, DOINA SARPE, I. DRAGHICI Implicatiile agentilor de daunare asupra

pierderilor de productie la soiul de grau Dropia - The implicattions agents of damages about the yield

of loss to the Dropia wheat kind ... 129 A. DULUGEAC, M. NICOLAE - Metode de prognoză şi avertizare asistate de calculator –

Method by prognosis and warning assisting by computer... 135 MARIAN NICOLAE, ELENA NICOLAE, ADRIAN DULUGEAC Cercetarea asistată de calculator aproximări şi interpolări folosind ca software matlab în vederea simulării desfăşurării fazelor de creştere şi dezvoltare a viţei-de-vie -The research ssist by computer. approximations and interpolations using the software matlab inview of simulation in process phases of vine’s increase and development.. 138 MIHAELA DURAC, GABRIELA PĂUNESCU, CLAUDIA TUŢĂ, L. OLARU - Studiul comparativ între Triticum aestivum şi Triticum durum prin prisma producţiei şi a elementelor sale componenete în condiţiile de la SCDA Şimnic - The comparative study between triticum aestivum and triticum

(7)

durum regarding yield and its components in ards Simnic area conditions... 144 MIHAELA DURAC, GABRIELA PĂUNESCU, CLAUDIA TUŢĂ, L. OLARU - cercetări privind rezistenţa la secetă la Triticum durum în condiţiile climatice de la SCDA Şimnic - The research

regarding Triticum durum drought resistance in Simnic area field conditions... 151 F. FAUR, MIHAELA CORCHES - Cercetări privind influenţa fertilizării diferenţiate asupra însuşirilor chimice ale speciei trifolium repens pe o pajişte permanentă de la poiana Braşov - Research

regarding the influence of different fertilization on the chemical characteristics of species Trifolium

repens on a permanent meadow at Poiana Braşov... .. 158 MARIOARA NICOLETA FILIMON, AURICA BOROZAN, FLORINA ADRIANA RADU – Studii bacteriologice şi enzimologice asupra sedimentelor de pe cursul mijlociu al râului Jiu –

Bacteriological and enzymological study of the sediments from the middle course of the Jiu River... 164 IULIANA SVETLANA FLONDOR - Cercetari privind comportamentul unor elite valoroase din nordul Olteniei - Search about the behavior some value elites from North of Oltenia... 172 LOREDANA BEATRICE FRĂSIN - Observaţii privind eficacitatea unor raticide în combaterea

şobolanului cenuşiu (Rattus norvegicus) în cadrul S.C. Tonico general com s.r.l. – Ferma

Negraşi, Dâmboviţa - Observations on the efficacy of some raticides in brown rat (Rattus norvegicus)

control at S.C. Tonico general com s.r.l. – Negraşi farm, Dâmboviţa County... 176 LOREDANA BEATRICE FRĂSIN - Principalele pagube produse de rozătoare - The main

damages produced by rodents ……… 180 FLORINA FURDI - Evaluarea unor linii de grâu pentru prezenţa genei gpc-b1, folosind markerii

ADN - Evaluation of some wheat lines concerning the presence of gpc-b1 gene, using DNA markers... 185 A. GANDER, GALLIA BUTNARU - Comportarea unor populaţii de porumb în condiţiile polenizării

sib şi a autopolenizării - The behaviour of some corn cultivars in sib and inbreeding pollination... 189 CORNELIA HERNEA, I. ADAM - Aspecte privind răspândirea Paltinului de munte în Romania –

Aspects concerning the spreading of Sycamore maple in Romania... 195 CORNELIA HERNEA, C.NEŢOIU, MIHAELA CORNEANU - Cercetări auxologice asupra speciei Robinia pseudoacacia Var. Oltenica - Auxological research concerning Robinia pseudoacacia var.

Oltenica... ... 199 PAULA IANCU, M.SOARE - Condiţiile climatice şi producţia de arahide - Agrometeorology and

groundnut production... ... 205 PAULA IANCU, M. SOARE, ELENA BONCIU - Aminoacids content to some groundnuts genotypes.... 213 M. IOANA, LOREDANA BEATRICE FRĂSIN - Mijloace mecanice de combatere a rozătoarelor –

Mechanical means of rodents control... 217 M. IOANA, LOREDANA BEATRICE FRĂSIN - Observaţii privind eficacitatea unor insecticide în

combaterea ploşniţelor cerealelor – Eurygaster spp. - Observations on the efficacy of some

insecticides in the wheat bugs - Eurygaster spp. Control………. 221 NICOLETA IANOVICI - Polenul aeropurtat al poaceelor în mediul urban pentru anii 2000-2004 –

Airborne poaceae pollen in urban environment for 2000-2004... 224 E. MADOŞĂ, S. CIULCA, C. AVADANEI, ADRIANA CIULCA, GIANCARLA VELICEVICI ILIJANA, FRISKAN - Studiul variabilităţii unor populaţii locale de ardei lung

(Capsicum annuum l.var.longum), colectate din vestul României - Study of variability in some landraces of long pepper (Capsicum annuum var.longum),

collected from west Romania... ……….231 MARIA MANIU, NICOLE ATUDOSIEI, CAMELIA GAVRILESCU, FLOAREA NICOLAE, MARIAN NICOLAE - Analiza metodelor de integrare a principiilor de mediu în managementul fermelor din N-E României - Analysis of the methods for the environmental principles integration

within the management of farms situated in north-eastern part of Romania……… 235 DANIELA MARELE - Determinarea efectului tratamentului cu agenţi mutageni chimici asupra

soiei, în cultură in vitro - Determining the effect of treatment with chemical mutagen agents on

soybean, in culture in vitro... 242 DANIELA MARELE - Determinarea dozei optime a agenţilor mutageni chimici în

funcţie de concentraţia soluţiei mutagene în procesul de ameliorarea la soia – Determining the best dose of chemical mutagen agents depending on the concentration of mutagen

solution in the process of soybean amelioration... ... 246 MARIANA MARINESCU, M. DUMITRU, ANCA LĂCĂTUŞU - Biodegradarea hidrocarburilor din petrol prin utilizarea unui produs natural absorbant si a populatiei bacteriene pentru a

creste biodisponibilitatea acestora - Petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation by a natural absorbant

product and a soil microbial population to enhance their bioavailability... 250 ELENA MUDURA, SEVASTITA MUSTE, MARIA TOFANA, SONIA SOCACI -

Evaluarea compuşilor bioactivi din mustul de bere în corelaţie cu parametrii de proces - The

evaluation of quality parameters of romanian hops varieties... 256 ELENA MUDURA, MARIA TOFANA, SONIA SOCACI, SEVASTITA MUSTE - Evaluarea

parametrilor de calitate ale unor soiuri de hamei romanesti - The evaluation of bioactive

(8)

8

compounds in brewing wort in connection with process parameter... 261 GHEORGHE MUSTAŢĂ, MARIANA MUSTAŢĂ - Biocenozele parazitoide şi semnificaţia lor în

păstrarea echilibrului natural - Parasitoid biocoenoses and their significance into keeping

of natural equilibrium... 265 G. MUŞAT, L. OLARU, PĂUNESCU GABRIELA, C. SĂLCEANU - Studiul comparativ privind

producţia şi elementele acesteia la hibrizii de porumb autohtoni şi străini, în condiţiile de la SCDA Şimnic - The comparative study regarding yield and main yield components of autochthonous

and foreign corn hybrids in ards Simnic area field conditions... ... 282 ALINA NEACŞU, G. ARSENE, ALINA FĂRCĂŞESCU - Observaţii asupra câtorva fitocenoze ale

asociaţiei Salicetum albae issler 1926 em. soó 1957, din perimetrul lacului de acumulare Surduc - Observations over some phytocoenoses of the association Salicetum albae issler 1926

em. soó 1957, from the perimeter of the Surduc lake... 290 ALINA NEACŞU, G. ARSENE, F. FAUR, ADINA HORABLAGA - Biodiversitatea florei unor

lacuri de acumulare din judeţul Timiş - The biodiversity of the flora of some accumulation lakes

in Timis County... ... 296 C. NEŢOIU, R. TOMESCU, O. BĂDELE, A. SĂRARU, I. BERCEA -Perfectionarea tehnologiilor

de aplicarea a tratamentelor aeriene cu volum ultraredus (ulv) împotriva

daunatorilor forestieri – The improvement of aerial treatments technologies with the ultra low

volume (ulv) against defoliator insects... 306 MARIANANICULESCU,A.SĂRARU,I.IOVU,I.BERCEA,C.CILIBIU,PAULAIONELA

CISMARU- Acidophilous picea forests of the montane to alpine levels in the Căpăţânii

Mountains (Romanian Carpathians) and the anthropic impact on the forest vegetation... 314 MARIANANICULESCU,A.SĂRARUI.,BERCEA,MIHAELAPOPESCU,VICTOR BLAJ,

IULIANPOPESCU, AURELIANŞTEFANCIUPITU-The corology, ecology and phytosociology of the Telekio speciosae-petasitetum hybridi (Morariu 1967 n.n) Resmeriţă et Raţiu plant communities in the upper basin of the Luncavăţ river... 321 DANIELA NICUŢĂ, NICOLETA BĂDĂLUŢĂ, DIANA – ELENA MAFTEI, G. GHIORGHIŢĂ, I. V. RAŢI

- The initiation of in vitro cultures of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides ssp. carpathica)... 327 V.OLIMID, LUMINIŢA BUŞE-DRAGOMIR - Effects produced by simulated soil water stress in

horticultural plants... 336 V. OLIMID, LUMINIŢA BUSE-DRAGOMIR - The influence of the salinous minerals with N, P, K concerning the physiological processes in Corylus avellana plants... 342 CRISTIANA OPREA - Rational use of agri-environment assessed by nuclear and atomic methods... 347 CRISTIANA OPREA - Instrumental photon neutron activation analysis for determination of trace

heavy metals... ... 353 M. PARASCHIVU, MIRELA PARASCHIVU, GABRIELA PĂUNESCU - Comportarea unui

sortiment de cultivare de grâu de toamnă faţă de atacul patogenului Pyrenophora tritici repentis f.c.drechslera tritici repentis în condiţii diferite de fertilizare la SCDA Şimnic - The behaviour of a winter wheat set to pyrenophora tritici repentis f.c. drechslera tritici repentis attack

in different fertilizing treatments to ARDS Simnic area... ... 357 O. PĂNIŢĂ, G. PĂUNESCU, M. SOARE, OANA ZAHARIE - The specifically ecological factor’s

influence of the Oltenia area on some wheat isogene lines genotypes……… 367 P. PĂUNEŢ, M. TĂLMACIU, NELA TĂLMACIU-Observaţii privind speciile dăunătoare din

culturile de cereale din zona Huşi-Vaslui, judeţul Vaslui în perioada 2005-2007 - Observations concerning the harmful species from the cereal crops from the Huşi -Vaslui zone, the Vaslui

County, in the period 2005-2007... 373 A. POPESCU, ANCA ŞUŢAN, G. CORNEANU, VALENTINA ISAC - Influenţa genotipului asupra capacităţii de multiplicare - in vitro a unor hibrizi intergenerici fragaria x potentilla - Influence of

genotype on micropropagation of two intergeneric hybrids fragaria x potentilla... 379 MARIA IONELA RĂDUŢOIU - Date corologice la câţiva taxoni din subfamilia Scilloideae (I) –

Chorological data for several taxons in the Scilloidae subfamily (I)... 385 MARIA IONELA RĂDUŢOIU - Date corologice la câţiva taxoni din subfamilia Scilloideae (II) –

Chorological data for several taxons in the scilloidae subfamily (II)... 391 C. SĂLCEANU, VOICA N., OLARU L., NICULESCU MARIANA - Consideratii privind

folosirea germoplasmei locale din Oltenia la obtinerea hibrizilor de porumb - Few aspects on the

using of the loco corn germplasm in breeding corn hybrids... 397 SĂLCEANU C., VOICA N., NICULESCU MARIANA, BĂDESCU H. - Cercetari privind

metodele de ameliorare folosite la obtinerea liniilor consangvinizate la porumb - Researches on

the breeding methods used in order to obtain corn inbred lines... .. 401 A. SĂRARU, I. BERCEA - Cercetări privind stabilitatea pădurii naturale din carpaţii şi subcarpaţii

vâlcii şi din zona nord-estică a piemontului Olteţului - Researches regarding the natural forest stability from the Carpathians and Subcarpathians of Valcea and from the north-eastern area

(9)

of the Oltet piedmont... 404 A. SĂRARU, I. BERCEA - Cercetări privind creşterea radială a arborilor în padurea naturală

în raport cu vârsta şi clasa poziţională a arborilor - Radial growth of the trees in the

natural forest in comparison with the age and the positional class of the trees... 412 SOARE M., PĂNIŢĂ O., ZAHARIE OANA, BICĂ M. - Studii privind stabilitatea unor elemente de producţie şi identificarea unor posibile corelaţii între acestea la unii hibrizi de porumb româneşti şi străini în condiţii de ecologie specifice zonei de sud a Olteniei, Studies concerning the stability of some yield elements and the identification of some possible correlations between those on some

romanian and foreign corn hybrids in the specificaly ecological conditons of the Olteina’s south area. 418 M. SOARE, O. PĂNIŢĂ , RODICA SOARE, PAULA IANCU, I. BERCEA - The organic

agriculture, integrated part of the sustainable agriculture... 423 SOARE RODICA, DUŢĂ ADRIANA, DOBRE MARIAN, SUSINSCHI MIHAI -Researches concerning the water content in nitrates and nitrites in some vegetable ecosystems from Oltenia... 427 SOARE RODICA, DUŢĂ ADRIANA, O. PĂNIŢĂ, GRECU FLORENTINA - Reaserches

concerning the utilisation of green manure and of husks of grapes compost in organic onion crop... 431 STAN C.,ŢUCĂ O., MITREA I., STAN I., BECHERESCU ALEXANDRA, DANCI M.The spectrum of the beneficial entomofauna from the viticultural ecosystem S.D. Banu Mărăcine Craiova, spectrul

entomofaunei utile din ecosistemul viticol S.D. Banu Mărăcine Craiova... 436 STAN I., STAN C.The propagation of 5 gymnosperm speciesat the botanical garden „Al. Buia” Craiova înmulţirea a 5 specii de gimnosperme la grădina botanică „Al. Buia” Craiova... 440 RENATA ŞUMĂLAN, BRIGITTA SCHMIDT, R. ŞUMĂLAN, CARMEN BEINŞAN, CAMEN DORIN Studiul capacităţii de nodulare si a eficicităţii unor tulpini sălbatice si selectionate de Bradyrhizobium

lupinii - Study of nodulation capacity and efficacy of some native and selected Bradyrhizobium

lupinii strains... 444 RENATA ŞUMĂLAN, BRIGITTA SCHMIDT - Caracterizarea unor tulpini performante de

Bradyrhizobium Lupinii în ce priveşte toleranţa la erbicide şi capacitatea competiţională, Characterization of Bradyrhizobium Lupinii genotypes regarding tolerance to herbicides and

competitive capacity... ... 448 TALMACIU NELA, TALMACIU M. -Observations regarding the coleopters fauna from a natural

pasture belonging in the eastern Romania, Observaţii privind fauna de coleoptere din pajiştile naturale

situate în partea de est a României... 455 RUMEN TOMOV,KATYA TRENCHEVA, GEORGY TRENCHEV, TRAIAN MANOLE,

IRINA IONESCU, EUGENIA PETRESCU, GABRIELA MARGARITPest and beneficial insects of medicinal plants in Bulgaria and Romania... ... 461 TRENCHEVA K, TRENCHEV G, TOMOV R, WU SAN-AN, SHI JUAN, WANG SHAN Invasive scale insects of ornamental plants in Bulgaria and China... 465 I. VĂCĂROIU. C. R. ZALĂ, STELICA CRISTEA - Cercetări privind morfologia şi biologia ciupercii Stigmina carpophila - Rresearch on the Stigmina carpophila attack upon drupaceous trees

in natural infections and fungicide infection upon fungus mycelia and conidia under laboratory

conditions... ... 469 VILĂU FLORICA, VILĂU NICOLAE, GALANI GHEORGHE, ŞESAN TATIANA, CHIŢU CORINA- The elaboration of an integrated protective system of the rape crop against the attack of the

diseases and the pests, Elaborarea unui sistem de protecţie integrată a culturii de rapiţă faţă

de atacul bolilor şi dăunătorilor... 473 C. R. ZALĂ, I. VĂCĂROIU STELICA CRISTEA - Cercetări privind atacul ciupercii Stigmina

Carpophila la pomii sâmburoşi în infecţii naturale şi influenţa unor fungicide asupra miceliului şi conidiilor ciupercii în condiţii de laborator, Research on the Stigmina Carpophila attack upon

drupaceous trees in natural infections and fungicide infection upon fungus mycelia and conidia under laboratory conditions... ... 481

W

WOORRKKIINNGG GGRROOUUPP 44:: MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT,, AAGGRRIICCUULLTTUURREE MECHANIZATION AND CADASTRE T. ALEXANDRU, M. GLODEANU - Experimentally reserches concerning to improve the

machines for administer solid chemicals fertilizers……….. 484 ALEXIOU ALEXANDROS, MIRCEA BĂDESCU, DALADIMOS PARASKEVAS Consideraţii privind organele de lucru ale maşinilor utilizate la pregătirea terenului în vederea semănatului, Considerations

on the seedbed machinery devices... 490 M. BĂDESCU, LOREDANA ELENA DICU, C. VASILE - Optimizarea parametrilor de baza ai

agregatelor agricole prin metoda multiplicatorului lagrange - The optimization of the basis

parameter of the machinery unity using the lagrange multiplicator method... 498 M. BĂDESCU, A. MECA, S. BORUZ - Studiu privind tehnologia şi sistemele de lucrări

conservative ale solului folosind grapele cu discuri - Study on technology and conservative

(10)

10

systems for soil processing through disk harrows... ... 505 S. BORUZ, M. BĂDESCU, M. GLODEANU, C. VASILE - Analiza energetică a sistemului de

lucru tractor maşină de prelucrat solul pe rând - The power analyze of the work system

of the tractor-agricultural machinery for the processing by turns of the ground... 511 MIOARA BORZA - Programele cu finanţare europeană – şansă de revitalizare a agriculturii

româneşti - The programs with european financing – chance to reinforce the romanian agriculture... 517 CĂLINA JENICA, A.CĂLINA, M. MILUŢ, A. CROITORU, C. BUZATU - The study concerning

touristical areas that may be developed on Dolj County territory... 526 CĂLINA JENICA, A.CĂLINA, M. MILUŢ, A. CROITORU, C. BUZATU - Premises of

cultural tourism development in Horezu area... 530 CEZARINA CUCU - The analysis of agrarian structures from south compartment of Jijia – Bahlui

Depression... ... 535 A. CHIRAN, ELENA GÎNDU, BENEDICTA DROBOTĂ, T. DIMA - Aspecte privind eficienţa

economică a principalelor produse agricole realizate la S.A. “Agroind” Berezeni, judeţul Vaslui – Aspects regarding the economical efficiency of the main agricultural products realized at

S.A. Agroind Berezeni, Vaslui County... ... 542 MARIANA CHIRILA, CLAUDIA SIRBULESCU - Aspecte privind turismul rural în zona Banatului – Notes on rural tourism in the Banat area………..548 M. F. DIMA, A. CHIRAN , ELENA GÎNDU, BENEDICTA DROBOTĂ - Posibilităţi de dezvoltare

durabilă a agriculturii din zona agroeconomică Galaţi prin atragerea fondurilor europene – Possibilities for durable development of the agriculture in the Galaţi agro- economical zone

through the attract of european funds... ... 554 BENEDICTA DROBOTĂ, A. CHIRAN, ELENA GÎNDU - Studiu de caz privind aprovizionarea cu grâu

a populaţiei municipiului Iaşi - Case study regarding the wheat supply for the Iasi city population... 564 BENEDICTA DROBOTĂ, ELENA GÎNDU, A. CHIRAN, VALERIA RALEA - Strategii privind piaţa şi distribuţia cerealelor boabe în judeţul Iaşi - Strategies regarding the distribution of cereals grains in Iasi County.. 570 I. GANEA, GH. BRĂTUCU - Chive bulbs conditioning machine. Working qualitative indexes... 576 M.GLODEANU, T.ALEXANDRU, C. VASILE - Behaviour study in dynamic regiemen of electronic adjusting systems of liquid flow varying with displacement velocity used for automatize the work

process of sprinkling machinery... ... 581 S. HAMUREAC, A. CHIRAN, ELENA GÎNDU, BENEDICTA DROBOTĂ - Consideratii privind

posibilitatile de implementare a marketingului produselor agricole ecologice (studiu de caz la Asociatia Valea Asaului, judetul Bacau). - Considerations regarding the possibilities of ecological agricultural products marketing implementation (case study at Valea Asăului

Association, Vaslui County)………585 R. ILEA, CORNELIA TONEA, D. POPA, ELENA TONEA - Cercetări experimentale asupra

proceselor de lucru ale sitelor plane - Experimental researches on flat sieve working processes... 590 R. ILEA, CORNELIA TONEA, D. POPA, ELENA TONEA - Reducerea nivelului vibraţiilor

tractoarelor şi combinelor autopropulsate utilizând dispozitive semi-active cu fluid magneto-reologic - Decreasing of vibration level at tractor’s and self propelled combines

using semi-active devices with magneto-rheological fluid………. 596 GH. IOSIF, A. GRADINARU - Mijloace moderne de realizare a planurilor de studiere a solurilor

pe teren - Modern means of making plans for field soil studying... 600 D.M. MEDELETE, R. L. PÂNZARU, G. ŞTEFAN - The structure of agricultural production

in South – East developing area... ... 604 D.M. MEDELETE, R. L. PÂNZARU, G. ŞTEFAN - Zootechnic production in Almăj commune,

Dolj County... ... 608 IOANA ANDA MILIN, ELENA PET, CORINA RUSET, A. ANCA - Aspecte legate de securitatea alimentara si alimentatie la nivel mondial - Aspects regarding food safety and nutrition on the global .... 614 DALADIMOS PARASKEVAS, MIRCEA BĂDESCU, ALEXIOU ALEXANDROS Cercetări teoretice privind procesul tehnologic de lucru al maşinilor pentru tocarea resturilor vegetale, Theorethical

researches on the working process of vegetal debris chopping... 622 R. L. PÂNZARU , D.M. MEDELETE, G ŞTEFAN - Study concerning professional domains

in Almăj commune, Dolj County... 626 R. L. PÂNZARU, G ŞTEFAN, D.M. MEDELETE - Plums production structure in North West developing Area... ... 630 ELENA PEŢ, CORINA RUŞEŢ, ANDA MILIN - Aspecte privind evoluţia ofertei de legume în

România în perioada 2001 – 2006 - Vegetables offer evolution in Romania... 635 LUCREŢIA POPA, ION PIRNĂ, IOSIF COJOCARU, RADU CIUPERCĂ, ANCUŢA NEDELCU, VASILICA ŞTEFAN - Maşina pentru administrat ingraşăminte organice solide, cu aparat de

împraştiere vertical - machine for applying manure fertilizers by means of vertical spreading apparatus.. 639 GH. PRIBEANU - Rolul agroturismului în relansarea economică a spaţiului rural -The

(11)

importance of agrotourism in the economic relaunch of the rural area... 648 GEORGIANA NICOLETA ROSOI - The impact of off-farm employment on the process of

commercialization of agriculture in Romania – impact of structural and cohesion funds... 657 CORINA RUŞEŢ, ELENA PEŢ - Managementul carierei profesionale –

Professional career management... ... 664 CORINA RUŞEŢ, ELENA PEŢ, ANDA MILIN Consideratii cu privire la resursele umane din

pensiunile turistice rurale, Considerations regarding the human resources in rural tourism pensions...668 I. SĂRĂCIN, OLIMPIA PANDIA, G. MARIN, F. GHEORGHE - Stabilirea parametrilor de lucru a

maşinilor agricole şi reducerea consumului de combustibil - Establishing work index

parameters of agricultural machines and reduction of fuel consuption... 672 I. SĂRĂCIN, OLIMPIA PANDIA, G. MARIN, F. GHEORGHE - Instalaţia hidraulică pentru reglarea automată a poziţiei de lucru a maşinilor agricole - Hydraulic device for automatic adjusting of

agricultural machines position work... ... 676 F. STOIAN - Studii privind sistemele de agricultură pentru conservarea solului şi măsuri pentru

protecţia mediului înconjurător - Studyes about agricultural systems and soil conservation with

regard to agri - enviromental measures... 679 I. ŢENU, P. COJOCARIU, I. COJOCARU, N. BRIA, B.V. AVARVAREI, D. CAZACU – Cercetări privind stabilirea tehnologiilor conservative de mecanizare a lucrărilor solului la cultura de grâu,

pentru condiţiile specifice de sol din regiunea N-E a României - Research regarding the establishment of the preservative technologies for soil works mechanization at wheat crop, for the soils’ specific

conditions in the N-E area of Romania………682 C. VASILE - Automatizarea controlului rezultatelor şi îmbunătăţirea adoptării deciziilor prin

utilizarea aplicaţiei palisade - The automatization of results control and the improvement of making

decisions using the palisade application... 692 C. VASILE, L. CECLAN, S.T. BUNGESCU, M. BĂDESCU, S. BORUZ - Utilaje moderne şi

sisteme complexe pentru prepararea hranei animalelor din fermele zootehnice - Modern tools and

complex systems for food preaparation in industrial farming... .... 698 V. VLĂDUŢ, E. UCEANU, M. MATACHE, S. BIRIŞ, S. BUNGESCU - The determination of

energetic and qualitative indices of soil works, for the new aggregates categories tractor –

agricultural machine... ... 706 I. SĂRAC, D. VIŞOIU, CORNELIA HERNEA - Conservarea in situ a pinului negru de Banat

Pinus nigra var. banatica (Borb.) Novak - Black pine of Banat Pinus nigra var. banatica (Borb.)

Novak in situ conservation... 715

(12)

12

SECŢIUNEA 3: DISCIPLINE FUNDAMENTALE ŞI PROTECŢIA PLANTELOR ŞI A MEDIULUI

WO W O RK R KI IN NG G G G RO R OU UP P 3 3: : F FU UN ND DA AM ME EN NT TA AL LL LY Y D DI IS SC CI IP PL LI IN NE ES S A AN ND D EN E NV VI IR RO ON NM ME EN NT T

AN A N D D P PL LA AN NT T M MA AN NA AG G EM E ME EN NT T Chairperson: Professor MADOŞĂ E. , PhD

Co-Chairperson: Senior Researcher CRISTIANA OPREA, PhD.

Moderators: Reader NEŢOIU CONSTANTIN, PhD.

Professor TĂLMACIU M., PhD.

Lecturer ANASTASIU PAULINA, PhD.

PLANTE STRĀINE NOI ÎN ROMÂNIA NEW ALIEN PLANTS TO ROMANIA

Paulina Anastasiu, Gavril Negrean

Cuvinte cheie: plante strāine, noi înregistrāri, naturalizat, ocazional, Poaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, România.

Keywords: alien plants, new records, naturalized, casual, Poaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Romania.

ABSTRACT

Bromus madritensis, Bromus wildenowii, Senecio inaequidens and Euphorbia prostrata sunt prezentate ca specii strāine noi pentru România. Bromus wildenowii a fost colectat în portul Constanţa, Euphorbia prostrata şi Senecio inaequidens au fost colectate în Bucureşti, în timp ce Bromus madritensis a fost colectat atât în Bucureşti, cât şi în Constanţa. Modul de introducere a acestora a fost accidental, favorizat probabil de transporturi. Rāspândirea este limitatā în prezent la câteva localizāri (Bucureşti şi Constanţa), pe terasamentul cāilor ferate sau în locuri ruderale. Toate specimenele se aflā depozitate în Herbarul Universitāţii din Bucureşti [BUC].

Bromus madritensis, Bromus willdenowii, Senecio inaequidens and Euphorbia prostrata are reported as new alien species to Romania. Bromus wildenowii was collected in Constanţa Harbour, Euphorbia prostrata and Senecio inaequidens were collected in Bucureşti, while Bromus madritensis was collected in both Bucureşti and Constanţa. Their mode of introduction is accidental, perhaps favoured by transportation. At this moment occurrence is still limited to few locations, on railway ground and ruderal places. All the specimens are deposited in Herbarium of University of Bucharest [BUC].

INTRODUCTION

The alien flora of Romania currently includes 435 species, 384 of which are neophytes introduced after the discovery of America (Anastasiu & Negrean 2005). Species of alien origin make up about 11.5 % of the total flora of the country (Ciocârlan 2000). New alien species are continuously reported (Ciocârlan & Costea 2004, Sîrbu & Oprea 2008) further increasing the number of non-native taxa in the national flora.

(13)

According to Illustrated Flora of Romania (Ciocârlan 2000) genus Bromus is represented in our country by 15 native species: B. arvensis, B. benekenii, B. commutatus, B. erectus, B. hordeaceus, B. inermis, B. japonicus, B. pannonicus, B. ramosus, B.

riparius, B. scoparius, B. secalinus, B. squarrosus, B. sterilis and B. tectorum. Any alien species of Bromus was reported for Romania before 2005 (Anastasiu & Negrean 2005).

Senecio genus has 25 spontaneous species in Romania: S. aquaticus, S. cacaliaster, S.

capitatus, S. carniolicus, S. carpaticus, S. doria, S. erraticus, S. erucifolius, S. germanicus, S. glaberrimus, S. grandidentatus, S. integrifolius, S. jacobaea, S. ovatus, S. paludosus, S.

papposus, S. rivularis, S. sarracenicus, S. squalidus, S. subalpinus, S. sylvaticus, S.

umbrosus, S. vernalis, S. viscosus and S. vulgaris (Ciocârlan 2000). Subsection Chamaesyce of genus Euphorbia has five representatives in our flora, two of them native – E. peplis and E. canescens, and three of them alien E. humifusa, E. maculata and E.

nutans (Ciocârlan 2000).

In this paper, short descriptions based on literary data and examined herbarium specimens, information about occurrence, mode of introduction and ecology of the new alien plant species to Romania (Bromus madritensis, Bromus wildenowii, Senecio inaequidens and Euphorbia prostrata) are presented.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

In the period 2004-2008, during field work on invasive plants done in different places from Romania, we recorded new alien taxa such as: Bromus madritensis, Bromus willdenowii, Senecio inaequidens and Euphorbia prostrata. Geographic coordinates using WGS 84 system, some ecological features and plant species associated were registered for each taxon. Digital photographs were taken in field. Voucher specimens are deposited in Herbarium of University of Bucharest [BUC]. The taxonomy and nomenclature of species follow Tutin et al. (1964-1980; 1993) and the definition of invasive status is that used by Richardson et al. (2000) and Pyšek et al. (2004).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Bromus madritensis L., Cent. Pl. 1: 5(1755) (Fig. 1) Synonyms: Anisantha madritensis (L.) Nevski, Zerna madritensis (L.) Panz., Bromus villosus Forssk. Family: Poaceae (Gramineae)

Fig. 1 Bromus madritensis L. in Bucureşti Triaj, June 2005

(14)

14

Bromus madritensis belongs to section GENEA Dumort that includes annuals or rarely biennials species of Bromus, with lanceolate spikelets only when young, then becoming cuneate, wider at the top, having lower glume 1-veined, the upper 3-veined and awn longer than the lemma, usually flattened and scabrid (Smith 1980). The stems of Bromus madritensis is up to 60 cm, erect or ascending, glabrous except sometimes near the panicle. Leaves are up to 20 cm 2-4 mm, linear, acute, flat, glabrous or pubescent, the lower with hairy sheaths and the upper often with glabrous sheaths. Panicle is erect when young, with branches shorter than spikelets; the spikelets are cuneate, wider at the top, lax, with 6-10 florets. Lower glume is 5-10 mm, while the upper is 10-15 mm. Lemma is narrowly oblong-lanceolate, with apical teeth of 2-3 mm and margins somewhat inrolled at maturity.

Awn is 12-20 mm, straight or weakly divaricate. Palea is shorter than lemma (Smith 1980).

In Romania two species of section GENEA Dumort are native: Bromus sterilis and Bromus tectorum. These are characterized by a drooping panicle, usually lax, with branches as long as or longer than the spikelets.

According to USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program (2008), the native distribution range of Bromus madritensis covers Northern Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Marocco, Tunisia), Macaronesia (Azores, Madeira Islands, Canary Islands), Western Asia (Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey) and Europe (Ukraine – Krym, Albania, Bulgaria, Former Yugoslavia, Greece, Italy, France, Portugal, Spain). As alien it was reported from Switzerland (Lauber & Wagner 2000), but could be found as naturalized elsewhere (USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, 2008).

Occurrence in Romania: Bucureşti Triaj, railways enbankment, 4 VI 2005, leg. G.

Negrean; Bucureşti Triaj, railways, 44°29'01"N, 26°00'37"E, 19 VI 2005, leg. P. Anastasiu

& G. Negrean; Constanţa Harbour, railways, 44°10'08"N, 28°39'33"E and 44°10'01"N, 28°38'33"E, leg. G. Negrean & P. Anastasiu.

The mode of introduction is not sure. It is possible that it happened accidentally, with containers transport.

In its native distribution Bromus madritensis grows in sunny and dry places. We found it on the embankment of railways, to Bucureşti Triaj associated with Acer negundo, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ambrosia trifida, Antirrhinum majus, Apera spica-venti s. l., Artemisia austriaca, Bromus tectorum, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cardaria draba subsp.

draba, Carex hirta, Celtis australis, Clematis vitalba, Crepis nicaeensis, Cynodon dactylon, Dactylis glomerata subsp. glomerata, Echium vulgare, Erigeron annuus subsp. annuus, Erysimum diffusum, Erysimum repandum, Festuca valesiaca, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Galium aparine, Galium album subsp. pycnotrichum, Hordeum distichon, Lappula squarrosa subsp. squarrosa, Lepidium densiflorum, Lepidium virginicum, Lolium perenne, Misopates orontium, Papaver rhoeas, Papaver somniferum, Plantago lanceolata, Prunus cerasifera, Prunus spinosa, Raphanus raphanistrum, Rapistrum perenne, Rumex patientia s. l., Sambucus ebulus, Senecio vernalis, Sonchus oleraceus subsp. oleraceus, Triticum aestivum, Ulmus pumila, Vulpia myuros. At Constanţa Bromus madritensis is associated with Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ailanthus altissima, Artemisia vulgaris, Capsella bursa- pastoris, Celtis australis, Galium album subsp. pycnotrichum, Lepidium perfoliatum and Sonchus oleraceus.

Bromus willdenowii Kunth, Révis. Gram. 134 (1829) (Fig. 2, 3)

Synonyms: Zerna unioloides (Kunth) Lindm., Bromus unioloides Kunth, Bromus schraderi Kunth, Ceratochloa unioloides (Willd.) P.Beauv., Serrafalcus unioloides (Kunth) Samp., Bromus catharticus Vahl, Ceratochloa haenkeana C.Presl.

Family: Poaceae (Gramineae)

Bromus willdenowii belongs to section CERATOCHLOA (Beauv.) Griseb. that includes perennial species of Bromus with ovate or ovate-lanceolate spikelets, strongly compressed, having lower glume 3- to 5-veined, the upper 5- to 7-veined, lemma and

(15)

glumes strongly keeled on the back and awn much shorter than lemma or often absent (Smith 1980). Bromus willdenowii is a laxly caespitose plant, with erect or ascending stem, up to 100-150 cm high. Leaves, 10-20 cm 3-12 mm, are glabrous or thinly hairy. The sheaths of upper leaves are glabrous, while those of lower leaves are shortly hairy. The spikelets are grouped in large panicles, with patent or nodding branches, often longer than spikelets. The spikelets have 20-40 5-10 mm, are lanceolate to ovate, very strongly compressed, glabrous or scabrid, with 6-12 closely imbricate florets. Glumes are acuminate, unequal, sharply keeled on the back. Lemma has 14-18 5-7 mm, is broadly lanceolate, keeled on the back, rather corneous, with awn usually absent or up to 1 mm and weak. Palea is about half as long as lemma. Anthers are up to 4 mm, shorter in cleistogamous florets (Smith 1980).

No representative of the section CERATOCHLOA (Beauv.) Griseb. is spontaneous in our country and Bromus willdenowii cannot be confused with other species of Bromus from Romanian flora.

Fig. 2 Bromus willdenowii Kunth in Constanţa Harbour, May 2008.

The native distribution range is South America, but it can be found widely naturalized elsewhere (USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, 2008). Smith (1980) indicates Bromus willdenowii as occasionally cultivated for folder and locally naturalized in Southern Europe (Azores, France, Portugal, C,W and E Russia).

Occurrence in Romania: For first time we recorded this plant to Constanţa Harbour, on 23 of September, 2004. This year we found it in the same place: Constanţa Harbour, ruderal, near a wall, 12 V 2008, 44°10'12"N 28°39'08"E, leg. G. Negrean & P. Anastasiu.

Mode of introduction: possible with cereals, its location being very close of the berth for cereals.

Bromus willdenowii grows in ruderal places. Only three species we recorded around: Echinochloa crus-galli, Sonchus oleraceus and Taraxacum officinale.

(16)

16

Fig. 3 Bromus willdenowii Kunth, detail on spikelets

Senecio inaequidens DC., Prodromus Systematis naturalis Regni vegetabilis.

Parisiis, 6: 401 (1838) (Fig. 4, 5)

Synonyms: Senecio burchellii DC.

Family: Asteraceae (Compositae)

Senecio inaequidens belongs to section Fruticulosi DC. that includes perennial plants with narrow leaves, simple, not divided. It is up to 110 cm high, spherically shaped, with erect stems, more or less glabrous, often numerously branched from the woody base.

Leaves are alternate, bright green, simple, slightly thick, usually with clasping stems at the base (occasionally petiolate), becoming reduced in size from the base, very variable, from 3 to 14 cm long and 0.3 to 1 cm wide, with margins denticulate to coarsely and irregularly- toothed. Upper leaves are occasionally pinnately-lobed, shortly petiolate, subsessile or sessile (EPPO 2006). Capitula range from 18 to up to 25 mm diameter, with 12 to 14 bright yelow ligules and numerous disc florets. A single plant could have about 100 capitula.

Achenes are 2 mm long, cylindrical, pubescent, with a white pappus, 2 to 3 times as long as achenes, readly detached. They are produced in large numbers.

The native distribution of Senecio inaequidens is to South Africa (Heger & Böhmer 2006), but this species occurs widely as naturalized or invasive: Europe, America, Australia (EPPO 2006, Heger & Böhmer 2006). In Europe Senecio inaequidens occurs throughout: Belgium, France and Italy (Chater & Walters 1976), Switzerland (Lauber &

Wagner 2000), Germany (Haeupler & Muer 2000), Austria (Negrean 2003, 2004, pers.

comm., EPPO 2006), Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom (EPPO 2006).

Occurrence in Romania: Bucureşti Triaj, railways ground, 4 VI 2005, leg. G.

Negrean; Bucureşti Triaj, railways ground, 44°28'57"N, 26°00'41"E, 19 VI 2005, leg. P.

Anastasiu & G. Negrean.

(17)

Fig. 4 Senecio inaequidens DC. in Bucureşti Triaj, June 2005

Fig. 5 Senecio inaequidens DC., detail of inflorescences

(18)

18

Senecio inaequidens was introduced into Europe with imports of wool from South Africa. Its presence was first recorded in 1889 in Germany (EPPO 2006). In Romania its introduction was accidental, possibly carried by rail vehicles.

Considering the ecology, Senecio inaequidens adapts to a wide range of environments (EPPO 2006), but prefers well-drained and disturbed soils. It can be found from coastal to mountain areas (up to 1900 m altitude). It grows along roads and railways, river banks, wastelands. It is also found in forests (in open places after logging or a fire), in crops (particularly grapevine), fallows, pastures. It can survive in most soils (even salty), it can stand hot and dry summers and overwinter in areas where temperatures reach - 15°C.

To Bucureşti Triaj, Senecio inaequidens grows vigurously on railway enbankment. Around its location we recorded the following plants: Acer negundo, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Apera spica-venti s. l., Artemisia austriaca, Bromus tectorum, Calamagrostis epigejos, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cardaria draba subsp. draba, Carduus nutans s. l., Carex hirta, Clematis vitalba, Crepis nicaeensis, Cynodon dactylon, Dactylis glomerata subsp. glomerata, Echium vulgare, Erigeron annuus subsp. annuus, Erysimum diffusum, Erysimum repandum, Festuca valesiaca, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Galium aparine, Hordeum distichon, Lappula squarrosa subsp. squarrosa, Lepidium densiflorum, Lolium perenne, Misopates orontium, Parthenocissus inserta, Plantago lanceolata, Prunus cerasifera, Prunus spinosa, Raphanus raphanistrum, Rapistrum perenne, Rubus caesius, Rubus canescens, Rumex patientia s. l., Sambucus ebulus, Senecio vernalis, Sonchus oleraceus subsp. oleraceus, Verbascum speciosum subsp. speciosum etc.

Senecio inaequidens has a high reproductive potential. It is estimated that up to 29,000 achenes are produced per plant and per year, and seeds may remain viable in the soil for 30-40 years (Ernst 1998 cf. Heger & Böhmer 2006). Achenes are mainly transported by wind, but also by water, animals and human activities (especially railways).

In addition, vegetative propagation can occur by rooting of stems that touch the ground (Ernst 1998 cf. Heger & Böhmer 2006). Germination is rapid and massive, and can take place during most of the year. Germination is also favoured by compacted soils.

According to EPPO (2006), Senecio inaequidens is a poisonous plant containing pyrrolizidine alkaloides. It is also considered to be the most invasive in Europe.

Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2: 139 (1789) (Fig. 6, 7)

Synonyms: Chamaesyce prostrata (Aiton) Small, Tithymalus prostratus (Aiton) Samp.

Family: Euphorbiaceae

According to Smith & Tutin (1968), Euphorbia prostrata belongs to subgenus Chamaesyce. It is a procumbent annual plant, with branches up to 20 cm. Stem is usually glabrous below, pubescent above, but to the material collected in Bucureşti the stem is all over pubescent. Leaves are 6-10 4-6 mm, ovate, obtuse, with asymmetrical base, serrulate to subentire, sparsely pubescent on both surfaces. Petiole is shorter than 1 mm, Stipules are also shorter than 1 mm, triangular, the upper free, the lower connate. Glands are transversely ovate, with small appendages. Capsule are 1.5 1.2-1.5 mm, shallowly sulcate, sharply keeled, smooth, glabrous except the keels that are ciliate. Seeds are about 1 mm, ovoid-quadrangular, deeply transversely furrowed, grayish.

Euphorbia prostrata is a Northern American species. According to Flora Europaea (Smith & Tutin 1968), in Europe is naturalized as a weed and ruderal, occurring in Portugal, Spain, Italy, Sicily and Greece.

Occurrence in Romania: Bucureşti, Ionel Budişteanu Str., ruderal, near a wall, 44°26'36"N, 26°05'23"E, alt. 82 m, 18 X 2008, leg. G. Negrean.

The mode of introduction is unknown, possible accidentally with some ornamental plants.

(19)

Fig. 6 Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, Bucureşti, October 2008

Fig. 7 Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, detail of branches with leaves and capsules

(20)

20

Ecology: It grows in ruderal places, with Digitaria sanguinalis subsp. sanguinalis in the site from Bucureşti.

For Euphorbia species, subgenus Chamaesyce, occurring in Romania, a dichotomous key is presented below:

1a Seeds smooth ……… 2 1b Seeds rugulose ……….. 3 2a Seeds 3 mm; leaves entire or almost so ……..………. 1. Euphorbia peplis L.

2b Seeds less than 1.5 mm; leaves serrulate …..…….. 2. Euphorbia humifusa Willd.

3a Capsule glabrous or patent pubescent ……….. 4 3b Capsule hairy ………. 5 4a Capsule glabrous; leaves 10-30 mm, serrate ….……… 3. Euphorbia nutans Lag.

4b Capsule patent-pubescent; leaves 3-7 mm, entire or obscurely serrulate …….…

……….... 4. Euphorbia chamaesyce L.

5a Capsule hairy all over; hairs closely appressed ………. 5. Euphorbia maculata L.

5b Capsule hairy on the keels only ……….. 6. Euphorbia prostrata Aiton CONCLUSIONS

Four new alien plants are reported from Romania: Bromus madritensis – Mediterranean element, Bromus willdenowii – native in South America, Senecio inaequidens – native in South Africa, and Euphorbia prostrata – native in North America.

Their occurrence is limited to few locations in Bucureşti and Constanţa cities, growing in ruderal places or on railway ground. The species of Bromus and Senecio inaequidens are naturalized, but the last one could become invasive. This species is known from different European countries as one of the most invasive alien plants penetrating even the natural and seminatural habitats. Euphorbia prostrata is a casual species.

BILIOGRAPHY

Anastasiu P. & Negrean G., 2005. Alien plants in Romania. Analele Şt. Univ. ‗A. I. Cuza‖

Iaşi: 51: 87-96.

Chater A. O. & Walters S. M., 1976. Senecio. Pp. 191/195/-205. In: T.G. TUTIN & al.

(eds). Flora Europaea. Vol. 4. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ciocârlan V. 2000. Flora ilustrată a României - Pteridophyta et Spermatophyta. Ediţia a doua revăzută şi adăugită. Bucureşti: Edit. Ceres, 1138 pp.

Ciocârlan V. & Costea M., 2004. Bellardia trixago în flora României. Bul. Gr. Bot. Iaşi, 12:

9-10.

EPPO, 2006. EPPO data sheet on Invasive Plants. Senecio inaequidens.

www.epo.org/QUARANTINE/Alert-List/Invasive-plants/Senecio_inaequidens.htm.

Date of access 05/11/2008.

Haeupler H. & Muer T., 2000. Bildatlas der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands.

Stuttgart: Verlag Eugen Ulmer. 1-759 pp.

Heger T. & Böhmer H.J., 2006. NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet – Senecio inaequidens. – From: Online Database of the North European and Baltic Network on Invasive Alien Species – NOBANIS www.nobanis.org. Date of access 05/11/2008.

Lauber K. & Wagner G., 2000. Flora Helvetica. Flore illustrée de Suisse. Traduction de l‘allemand et adaptation Ernest Gfeller avec la collaboration de Georges Kurz. Berne

Stuttgart Vienne: Edit. Paul Haupt. 1616 pp.

(21)

Pyšek P., Richardson D.M., Rejmánek M., Webster G.L., Williamson M. & Kirschner J., 2004. Alien plants in checklists and floras: towards better communication between taxonomists and ecologists. Taxon 51(1): 131-143.

Richardson D.M., Pyšek P., Rejmánek M., Barbour M.G., Panetta F.D. & West C.J., 2000. Naturalization and invasion of alien plants: concepts and definitions. Diversity and Distribution (2000) 6: 93-107.

Sîrbu C. & Oprea A., 2008. New Alien Species for the Flora of Romania: Bidens bipinnata L. (Asteraceae). Turk. J. Bot. 32(2008): 255-258.

Smith A.R. & Tutin T.G., 1968. Euphorbia. Pp. 213-226. In: T.G. TUTIN & al. (eds). Flora Europaea. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Smith P.M., 1980. Bromus. Pp. 182-189. In: T.G. TUTIN & al. (eds). Flora Europaea. Vol.

5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tutin T.G., Burges N.A., Chater A.O., Edmondson J.R., Heywood V.H., Moore D.M., Valentine D.H., Walters S.M. & Webb D.A. (eds., assist. by J.R. Akeroyd & M.E.

Newton; appendices ed. By R.R. Mill), 1993. Flora Europaea. 2nd ed. Vol. 1.

Psilotaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tutin T.G., Heywood V.H., Burges N.A., Moore D.M., Valentine D.H., Walters S.M. &

Webb D.A. (ed.), 1964-1980. Flora Europaea. Vols. 1-5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl

?Bromus%20willdenowii (05 November 2008).

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.

pl?Bromus%20madritensis (05 November 2008).

Referințe

DOCUMENTE SIMILARE