The Effect of a Counseling Program According to the Holistic Thinking Pattern on Some types of Attack for Young Fencing Players
Hind Saddam Zahraw, Assistant Prof. Dr. Raheem Hilo Ali Al-Zubaidi
Faculty of physical education and sports sciences, University of Misan, Iraq Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The psychological aspect plays a direct and fundamental role in the performance of fencing players, and that the absence of the psychological aspect leads to the failure to ensure the completion of duties during training and competition, hence the role of preparing counseling programs, which would raise the level of the player and prepare him psychologically, the psychological counseling process is one of the The processes through which assistance is provided to the player through the sessions prepared for this, which plays an important role in directly affecting the player's level. The player is especially in the sport of fencing, which requires the player to act quickly and with high accuracy to get a touch at the specified target according to various and quick plans that depend mainly on the different and complex reactions of the competitors, which ends with the choice. An appropriate attack, hence the importance of searching for the need for psychological guidance for young fencing players in order to improve the performance of offensive skills and develop their level to reach achievement. The current research aims to identify:
1. Building the guiding approach according to the holistic thinking pattern in some types of attack for young fencing players.
2. Recognizing the effect of the guiding approach according to the holistic thinking style in some types of attack among young fencing players.
To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers hypothesized: - The guiding approach according to the holistic thinking style has a positive effect on some types of attack among young fencing players. Their number is (14) players divided by the lottery, (12) of them are a main research sample, and each group has (6) players, and (2) of them are a sample for the exploratory experiment, and after that the measurement method was determined the studied offensive skills, then the exploratory experiment was applied and then the tests Then, the indicative program was applied to the (holistic thinking pattern) for the members of the experimental group in order to solve some of the problems facing the players while performing offensive skills with the sword fencing weapon. The duration of the implementation of the sessions took (12) sessions, two sessions per week, and after completing the application of the program, the subsequent tests of the experimental research group were conducted, to achieve the goal of the study. The researchers used the statistical bag (spss) to extract the results of the study, and in light of the research results, a conclusion was reached. The heuristic approach according to the holistic thinking style had a positive effect on the studied offensive skills, which the researchers recommended the necessity of using the counseling program in the sport of fencing and conducting other studies.
Introduction to research
Introduction and importance of the research
The world today is in an accelerating race towards development and progress, and the
development we are witnessing in various fields, including the sports field, which has become more attracted to scientific development in all stages of preparation for sports competitions and achieving high levels through the use of all kinds of sciences, and perhaps one of the This important science is sports psychology as an important science in achieving excellence in the sports field, and sports psychology has enjoyed great importance and a wide position among other sciences as it is concerned with the mental, psychological and physical health of players and identifying their problems and finding solutions to them in proportion to their characteristics and their contribution to the development of events different sports, so the psychological aspect plays a direct and essential role in the player’s performance, and the absence of the psychological aspect leads to failure to ensure the achievement of skill and tactical duties and the ability to understand the reactions of players during training and competition, hence the role of preparing guidance programs that will raise the level of the player and prepare him psychologically At the level of training and competition, psychological counseling is one of the processes by which a troubled person is helped to make him or her feel bad. Psychological counseling is a constructive process that aims to help the player understand himself and his personality, learn about his experiences, and guide them in how to organize. Positive thoughts and the ability to adapt to difficult sports situations, which contributes to raising the psychological ability of the athlete to reach good performance and achieve the best results in sports tournaments and competitions, and it is important for the player to be able to overcome this burden. From performance and negative thinking throughout the duration of the engagement t and the ability to choose the best solutions for each situation he faces during the fight, the player who has the ability to act according to his comprehensive thinking and deals with generalities and leaving partial details can control his feelings, reactions and motives so that he is able to control and direct them according to his will Interest in the holistic thinking style has increased recently, and the individual with a comprehensive thinking style looks at the training process differently, as he seeks to be a good player and he is able to employ skills and scientific attitudes to solve the problems he faces, as the sport of fencing requires the player to act according to the law. Speed and high accuracy in touching the opponent and recognizing the specific target according to various and quick plans that depend mainly on the different reactions and compound between the competitors, which ends with choosing the appropriate attack performance, and therefore the chronological aspect of the soul is more in some physical, skill, tactical, psychological and mental abilities to reach The best performance of offensive skills, offensive movements consist of two or more movements, taking into account the accuracy in their interrelationship, and for this we need the psychological aspect through thinking and re-experience, hence the importance of research in the need for psychological guidance for young fencing players with the aim of providing psychological assistance to young sword players and highlighting Their abilities and capabilities, thus improving the offensive skill, performance and developing their athletic level to reach the highest levels of performance and achievement.
Research problem
Through the researchers' follow-up to the training units at the Specialized Center, it was noted that some coaches did not care about psychological counseling during those units, as psychological counseling has a great role in helping the player to take realistic goals for himself. In line with his abilities and preparations, as it helps him to understand himself correctly, by helping him to assess himself and know his abilities and aspects of his weaknesses and strengths, and help him to use
his abilities to the fullest extent possible, which called for researchers to discover this problem and develop solutions to it from During the selection and identification of a psychologically guiding approach according to the holistic thinking style, which has a role in raising and developing some psychological and skill qualities and some types of attack among young people.
Fencing players.
Research Objectives
1. Building a guiding approach according to the holistic thinking pattern of young fencing players.
2. Recognizing the effect of the guiding approach (cognitive behavioral) according to the holistic thinking style on the level of self-efficacy and some types of attack among young fencing players.
Research Objectives
1. The guiding approach according to the holistic thinking style has an effect on the level of some types of attack among young fencing players.
2. There are statistically significant differences in some types of attack of young fencing players for the post-tests between the control and experimental groups and in favor of the experimental group.
Research Areas
- Human stadiums: Players of Maysan Governorate clubs with sword fencing in the sports season (2020-2021)
- Time range: the period from (1/1/2021) to the period (1/5/2021(
- The spatial domain: the fencing hall in the Al-Hussein neighborhood youth center.
Defining the terms
Guidance program: It is a set of scientific procedures based on scientific foundations to provide guidance services to individuals in light of the objectives set by teaching them different guidance methods to help them adapt and acquire desired behaviors to achieve the desired social growth . Sports Psychological Counseling: “A process aimed at helping athletes achieve maximum psychological, mental and physical development, in addition to developing their competencies and abilities and modifying their attitudes, thus achieving compatibility with the environment in which they live ”Holistic thinking style: the ability of individuals to think in a comprehensive way to reach appropriate solutions to problems, which is the individual's way of dealing with problems completely for problem situations, and to go beyond the details to find appropriate solutions to them.
Research methodology and field procedures
Research community and its samples: The research community included (16) sword fencing players for the sports season (2020-2021). (Experimental officer) with (7) players for each group, and the exploratory sample consisted of (2) players who were selected in a simple random way from the total population.
Homogeneity of the research sample: To avoid the effects that may affect the desired results of the research, the homogeneity of the research sample was extracted by extracting the torsion coefficient by taking measurements (chronological age, training age, body mass (kg) Height (cm) for each player within the framework of the research sample as shown in Table No. (1(
Table (1(
Shows sample homogeneity in the variables (chronological age, training age, body mass, height)
No Variables
Arithmetic mean standard
deviation skew modulus
Player's 1 chronological age 17.14
1.46 0.273
The age of the 2 coaching player 5.21
0.83 0.385
Height in 3 centimeters 66.57
0.52 1.131-
Body mass in 4 kilograms 58.68
2.13 0.197-
By looking at Table (1) it becomes clear to us that all the variable values of the deviation coefficient were confined between (±3) and therefore it becomes clear that the sample is
homogeneous, and through the lottery the sample was distributed into two groups to ensure one starting line for the two groups.
Equalization of the research sample
The equivalence of the research sample was found based on the results of the tribal tests for the control and experimental groups. Table (2) shows the equivalence of the two research groups (control and experimental).
By applying the (ttest) law of independent samples to the test data, the calculated value (t0test) was less than the tabular value (T), which indicates that the differences between the two groups are not significant, that is, two groups are equivalent.
Statistical transactions
Test name measuring
unit the group
Experimental control
group value
( )T calculated Indication
level value
( )T tabular indication
±p s ±p s
Attack by changing direction Degree
4.10 0.61 4.19 0.73 0.80
0.42
2.36 not
significant
numerical attack Degree
4.78 0.60 5.03 0.67 0.86
0.41 not
significant
round attack Degree
5.04 0.55 5.10 0.59 1.00
0.33 not
significant
No- stop diving attack Degree
4.23 0.54 4.02 0.68 0.86
0.41 not
significant
Devices, tools and means of collecting information Devices
- Japanese made electronic stopwatch from Sony.
- Japanese-made Sony video camera.
- Plasma screen (Panasonic(
- A medical device for measuring height and mass, of English origin.
- A computer for data processing (Lenovo(
Tools: The most important tools that were used were - Fencing player equipment.
- (Signs) no. (4(
- Stickers (10(
- Measuring tape (50 m) and colored adhesive tape, width (5) cm, number (4(
Means of collecting information
Support team work, personal interviews and observation.
Ire Expert opinion questionnaire to determine the content of the counseling sessions.
International information network and Arab and foreign sources.
Field Research Procedures
Psychological Counseling Program: The aim of building the current psychological counseling program is to develop some types of attack among young sword fencing players, and after reviewing the sources related to the subject of research, especially psychological counseling books, it was prepared in light of the research problem, based on the steps the following are for building a mentorship programme:
1. Determining the needs:-It is a set of steps that must be taken and knowledge of the basic vocabulary on which it is based in formulating the objectives of the program, and after identifying the needs, the first step in the process of building the guide. A program. A group of experts in the field of psychology, educational guidance, sports psychology and fencing, where the titles of the guidance sessions were discussed and in light of this step by identifying a set of needs of young fencing players according to a holistic way of thinking, where these needs included- :
- The concept of psychological counseling (cognitive behavioral(
- Thinking and its types.
- Holistic thinking training.
- Training to stop negative thoughts.
- Develop self-confidence.
- Develop sporting experience and knowledge.
- Mental skills training.
- The stress of training and competition.
- Emotional stability.
- Self-affirmation.
2. Choosing priorities: After collecting the questionnaire from the experts, the answers of the experts were unloaded and placed in a recurring table, where the titles of the counseling sessions were arranged in descending order according to their frequency, taking into account the experts. Notes about the addresses, duration and time of some sessions.
3. Defining goals: The aim of the current program is to develop the self-efficacy and some types of attack among young fencing players by modifying their thinking and behavior patterns, changing the player’s perceptions of himself, raising his awareness of his abilities and powers, and working to set real goals that he seeks to achieve, self-reliance and responsibility And reduce the factor of fear or tension that prevails before and during the sports competition, to be able to achieve the best level of sports achievement.
4. Finding activities and programs to achieve the goals: Determining the activities included in the psychological counseling program depends on the objectives of the psychological counseling program and the type of possibilities available. From specialists and experts in psychological counseling.
5. Evaluation of the program: For the purpose of verifying the psychological counseling program, especially the specific goals for which the psychological counseling program was built, the
researchers resorted to the following evaluation procedures:
6. Preliminary evaluation: conducted by the two researchers before starting the implementation of the psychological counseling program, represented by the pre-measurement procedures and procedures for homogeneity and equivalence between the experimental and control groups.
7. Constructive evaluation: The researchers conducted the evaluation process at the end of each session by asking some questions to the players and discussing their homework.
8. Final evaluation: After starting to implement the psychological counseling program of post- measurement measures, the researchers performed post-measurement measurements to determine the change in self-efficacy and some types of attack on patients. Experimental and control groups by comparing the tribal and remote measurements scores.
Building a psychological counseling program (behavioural and cognitive) for young fencing players:
- After the researchers implemented the previous steps, they prepared the counseling program in its initial form based on the theory of (Mitchenbaum) and benefited from previous literature and studies related to the current research topic in preparing the contents of the counseling sessions. .
- The validity of the psychological counseling program (behavioral-cognitive) in self- efficacy and some types of attack for sword fencing players.
- The validity of the session content of the activities used. Use sufficient time and number of sessions used.
- The validity period of the time used is (30-40) minutes. - The correctness of the number of counseling sessions (12) sessions. Validity of the group counseling method used by researchers. Any additions or modifications to the guide.
Specialists and experts unanimously agreed on the validity of the prepared psychological counseling program, and it was agreed on the number of sessions at (12) counseling sessions, and the session duration from (30-40) minutes, and on the content and activities of the sessions that included the psychological counseling program.
Planning for the implementation of the counseling sessions
- Finding the appropriate place to implement the indicative program, and the fencing hall was chosen in the Al-Hussein neighborhood forum.
- Preparing a set of means and tools for the guiding program (the blackboard, homework book, fencing equipment, Dell electronic calculator(
- Determining the time period after agreement with the players, as the session was set before the start of training for the players at three o’clock in the afternoon (Monday - Wednesday) of each week, where each session lasts according to the time specified for it (30-40) minutes.
Application of Tribal Tests
Tribal tests of the studied skills were conducted after they were presented to experts and specialists, on (Sunday) exactly three o’clock in the afternoon of 28/2/2021 in the fencing hall in Al-Hussein neighborhood after determining the research sample to apply the psychological counseling program represented in The players of the youth clubs of Maysan province in fencing with the sword numbered (14) players divided into two groups (control and experimental) primary. The study variables were tested:
Assessment of the level of specific attack skills
The level of offensive performance of the youth fencing weapon was assessed by videography, according to a model prepared for it, to assess (direct attack, attack by changing direction, circular attack, and counterattack by diving). For young fencing players with a sword and by three arbitrators and each arbitrator determines a score of (10) by taking the arithmetic average of their results. The pretests were conducted with the help of the auxiliary staff.
Extension Program Application
1. The program was implemented in the way of collective guidance for the players of Maysan governorate youth clubs to fencing with the fencing sword weapon.
2. Allow players to express their opinions and positions during the counseling session with the aim of modifying their thinking patterns.
3. The counseling sessions were conducted in a realistic therapeutic manner.
A. Introduction and positive excitement by the mentor.
B. Ask a question about reality.
C. Provide a model of a behavioral phenomenon.
D. Repeat what was trained in the previous session and make use of it.
E. Efficiency and fun to add more fun.
4- The researchers chose to implement the counseling program (behavioral and cognitive) on the research sample (club players in Maysan governorate with sword fencing for youth) in a group counseling method, due to the time factor and the interaction that occurs between them. Mentor (researchers) and teacher (players(
5- The number of sessions was set (12) indicative sessions, two sessions per week.
6-Determining the location of the sessions in the fencing hall at the Al-Hussein neighborhood forum.
7-The date of the first induction session was set on (Monday and Thursday) of each week, at a rate of (30-40) minutes, according to the date of each session, and after the session was approved for emergency events or. Holiday postponed to the next day.
8- Monday (1/3/2021) was set as the date for the start of the psychological counseling program in its first session and (4/8/2021) its completion, and Table No. (3) Shows the counseling details. a program.
Table (3(Shows guided program details.
session Address
The time of each session Today
The date of each session
first Editorial
minutes 30 Monday
/1 /3 2021
the second Psychological counseling
(behavioural - cognitive) minutes 35
Thursday /4
/3 2021
the third Holistic thinking training
minutes 35 Monday
/8 /3 2021
fourth Training to stop negative
thoughts minutes 40
Thursday /11
/3 2021
Fifth Thinking and its types
minutes 40 Monday
/3 /15 2021
Sixth Develop self-confidence
minutes 40 Thursday
/3 /18 2021
Seven Develop sports experience and
knowledge.
minutes 40 Monday
/3 /22 2021
eight Mental skills training
minutes 40 Thursday
/25 /3 2021
the ninth The pressures of training and
competition minutes 35
Monday /3
/29 2021
tenth emotional stability
minutes 35 Thursday
12021/4/
eleven assertiveness
minutes 40 Monday
52021/4/
twelve closing session
minutes 35 Thursday
8/ 42021 / Post tests
After completing the implementation of the indicative program, the post tests were conducted on the control and experimental groups, corresponding to 9/4/2021, and in the same sequence of tribal tests as the researcher conducted. Taking into account the same conditions in which the tribal examinations were conducted in terms of the examination sequence.
Statistical methods
To achieve the goal of the study, the researchers used the statistical package for social sciences Statistical transaction
s Test name group name
tribal dimension
al value ( T )calculat
ed Indicatio
n level indicatio
n ± s ± s
Attack by changing direction Officer
4.1 9 0.7 5.63 3 0.46 3.01
0.00 D
Experiment al 4.1
0 0.6 7.68 1 0.77 6.97
0.02 D
numerical attack Officer
5.0 3 0.6 5.23 7 0.88 2.20
0.07 not
significa nt
experimenta l 4.7
8 0.6 8.55 0 0.76 8.03
0.00 D
round attack officer
5.1 0 0.5 6.31 9 0.96 2.79
0.02 D
experimenta l 5.0
4 0.5 7.80 5 0.75 11.40
0.oo D
Diving stop attack officer
4.0 2 0.6 5.12 8 1.27 2.32
0.07 not
significa nt
experimenta l 4.2
3 0.5 7.25 4 0.96 5.97
0.02 D
)SPSS): percentage law, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, median, T-test for identical samples.
Presentation, analysis and discussion of the results
Presenting and analyzing the results of the tribal and remote tests for the control and experimental groups and discussing them: After completing the steps of the field research procedures and the tribal tests, implementing the psychological counseling program sessions and conducting the post tests. The researchers were able to obtain the initial scores, and then they processed those scores statistically by using (t-test) to indicate the differences between two interconnected arithmetic
means to find out the significance of the differences between the results of the tribal and remote tests for both the experimental and control groups, as well as the extent of the influence of the counseling program in some types of attack For young fencing players.
Presentation and analysis of the results of the pre- and post-tests for the two experimental and control groups in the test (some types of attack) and their discussion:
Table (4(It shows the arithmetic means, standard deviations, and the calculated and tabulated (t) value of the pre and post test for the control and experimental groups.
Tabular value (t) = 2.44 below the significance level (0.05) and the degree of freedom (6(
It is clear from Table No. (4) that there are differences in the arithmetic means of the pre- and post-tests in favor of the post-test, where the control group achieved in (the attack by changing direction) an arithmetic mean of (4.19) and a standard deviation (0.73) for the pre-test, while in the post-test It achieved an arithmetic mean of (5.63) and a standard deviation of (0.46), and after calculating the calculated (t) value, it reached between the pre and post tests (3.01), which is greater than the tabular value of (2.44) at the degree of freedom (6) and the level of significance (0.05). Thus, the difference is statistically significant in the control group.
As for the experimental group, it achieved an arithmetic mean (4.10) and a standard deviation (0.61) for the pre-test, while in the post-test it achieved an arithmetic mean (7.68) and a standard deviation (0.77), and after calculating the calculated t-value between the pre- and post-tests, it reached (6.97) which is greater than the tabular value (2.26) at the degree of freedom (7) and the level of significance (0.05), so the difference is statistically significant and in favor of the post test.
As for the (numerical attack) of the control group, it achieved an arithmetic mean (5.03) and a standard deviation (0.67) for the pre-test, while in the post-test it achieved an arithmetic mean (5.23) and a standard. The deviation (0.88), and after calculating the t-value calculated between the two tests, it reached (2.20), which is smaller than the tabular value (2.44) at the degree of freedom (6) and the level of significance (0.05). ). Accordingly, the difference is not statistically significant in favor of the post test, and the experimental group achieved in the pre test a mean (4.78) and a standard deviation (0.60), while in the post test it achieved an arithmetic mean. from (8.55) and a standard deviation of (0.76), and after calculating the calculated (T) value between the pre and post tests it reached (8.03) which is greater than the tabular value of (2.44) at the degree of freedom (6) and the level of significance (0.05), so the difference with Statistical significance and in favor of the post test.
As for the (circular attack) of the control group, it achieved an arithmetic mean (5.10) and a standard deviation (0.59) for the pre-test, while in the post-test it achieved an arithmetic mean (6.31) and a standard. The deviation (0.96), and after calculating the calculated t-value between the pre and post tests, it reached (2.97) which is greater than the tabular value of (2.44) at the degree of freedom (6) and the level of significance (0.05). Thus, the difference is statistically significant in favor of the post test, and the experimental group achieved in the pre test an arithmetic mean (5.04) and a standard deviation (0.55), while in the post test it achieved an arithmetic mean (7.80) and a standard deviation (0.75) after calculating the calculated t-value between the pre- and post-tests of (11.40), which is greater than the tabular value (2.44) at the degree of freedom (6) and the level of significance (0.05), so the difference is statistically significant in favor of the post-test.
As for the (stop diving) test for the control group, it achieved an arithmetic mean (4.02) and a
standard deviation (0.88) for the pre-test, while in the post-test it achieved an arithmetic mean (5.12) and an arithmetic mean. Standard deviation (1.27) after calculating the calculated t-value between the pre- and post-tests. It reached (2.32) which is smaller than the tabular value (2.44) at the degree of freedom (6) and the level of significance (0.05). Accordingly, the difference is not statistically significant in favor of the post test, and the experimental group achieved in the pre test an arithmetic mean (4.23) and a standard deviation (0.54), while in the post test it achieved an arithmetic mean (4.23) and a standard deviation (0.54). The arithmetic mean (7.25) and the standard deviation (0.96), and after calculating the t-value calculated between the pre and post tests, it reached (5.97), which is greater than the tabular value of (2.44) at the score. Freedom (6) and significance level (0.05), so the difference is statistically significant in favor of the post-test, and the reason for this is the regularity of the control group in the counseling sessions assigned to it as usual. The approach of the coach of the center specialized in fencing as well as repetition in performance and continuing to apply the units designated for offensive skills with the fencing weapon in the fencing game, and this was confirmed (Qassem, 1998) “that the goal of this stage is to acquire motor skills in general, not a complete mastery and stability of the art of performance Rather, the main purpose of this should be to gain them the ability to perform various movements to an acceptable degree, with
Presentation and analysis of the results of the post-tests of the two experimental and control groups in the tests (some types of attack) and their discussion:
Table (5) shows the arithmetic averages, standard deviations, and the calculated and tabular (t) value for the post-test for the two groups.
Transaction s stats Test name measurin
g unit experimental grou
p control
group value ( T )calculate
d Indicatio
n level indicatio
n ± s ± S
Attack by changing direction Degree
7.68 0.77
5.6 3 0.4 6.80 6
0.00 D
numerical attack Degree
8.55 0.76
5.2 3 0.8 5.74 8
0.00 D
round attack Degree
7.80 0.75
6.3 1 0.9 6.30 6
0.00 D
Diving stop attack Degree
7.25 0.96
5.1 2 1.2 3.14 7
0.00 D
Degree of freedom (n-2) (14-2 = 12) and significance level (0.05), tabular value (T) = (2.17(
By displaying Table No. (5), we note that there are differences in the arithmetic averages of the post-tests of the two experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group, where the control group achieved the test (attack by changing the direction). With an arithmetic mean (5.63), with a standard deviation of (0.46), while the arithmetic mean of the experimental group was (7.68), with a standard deviation of (0.77), when using the T-Test law. Uncorrelated samples the calculated value (T) (6.80) is greater than the tabular value (T) (2.17) under the significance level (0.05) and the degree of freedom (12), so the difference is significant in favor of the experimental group.
As for the numerical attack test, the control group achieved an arithmetic mean (5.23), with a
standard deviation of (0.88), while the arithmetic mean of the experimental group was (8.55), with a standard deviation of 0.76. , and when using the T-Test law for uncorrelated samples. The calculated (T) value was (5.74) which is greater than the tabular value (T) (2.17) under the significance level (0.05) and with a degree of freedom (12), so the difference is significant in favor of the experiment. Collection.
As for the test (circular attack) for the control group, it achieved an arithmetic mean (6.31), with a standard deviation of (0.96), while the arithmetic mean of the experimental group was (7.80), with a standard deviation of (0.75). And when using the T-Test law for uncorrelated samples. The calculated value (T) was (6.30) which is greater than the tabular value (T) (2.17) under the significance level (0.05) and with a degree of freedom (12), so the difference is significant in favor of the experiment. Collection.
As for the (stop diving attack) test for the control group, it achieved an arithmetic mean (5.12), with a standard deviation (1.27), while the arithmetic mean of the experimental group was (7.25), with a standard deviation (0.96), and when using the T-test law for non-existent samples. Found.
The calculated (T) value was (3.14) which is greater than the tabular value (T) (2.17) under the significance level (0.05) and the degree of freedom (12), so the difference is significant and in favor of the experiment. Collection.
Discussing the results of the dimensional tests for the two groups (experimental and control) in the tests (some types of sword attack(
Through Table No. (5) That presents the results of the post-test for the two experimental and control groups, there are statistically significant differences in the offensive skills (under research) and in favor of the advanced experimental group according to the indicative program. and the players in the experimental group.
The researchers attributed the ethical differences in the experimental research sample to the various counseling sessions that contributed to raising the level of self-efficacy through the areas presented in these sessions with their various components and paragraphs. The modification and development of this variable, as well as the familiarity and social interaction brought about by the counseling program in the experimental group, where the counseling program sessions were presented in light of the players' readiness and abilities, as it seeks to make a counselor. Able to direct himself and his life by himself, define his life goals and achieve his demands in the light of society's standards .(
The researchers added that the counseling program contributed greatly to the development of the players’ self-efficacy in addition to excitement, challenge, suspense and enthusiasm, and (QassemLazemSabr) believes that any work does not succeed without excitement and suspense, so when the educational process is devoid of elements of suspense and excitement, and its results are negative on the other hand, And training is more positive when the trainees are happy and helps create the desire to deal with the subject and the duty of training, and constitutes psychological satisfaction and great acceptance, and thus creates training and rapid acquisition of sports movements and activities (1(
He also gave instructions and directions to the members of the experimental group, making the player an active and effective element in the training process and not just a recipient of information, unlike the instructions and directions he receives only from the coach.
He states (Tawfiq Ahmed, 2003) “Since the player performs the skill with his peers and watches his group perform this skill, this leads to better training by improving performance by watching
and correcting errors” (3).
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13. Qasim Hassan Hussein: Foundations of Sports Training, first edition, Amman, Dar Al-Fikr for Printing and Publishing, 1998, p. 34.
14. Mahmoud Daoud Al-Rubaie and others. Theories and methods of physical education, Dar Al-Kutub for Printing and Publishing, Baghdad 2000, p. 83.
15. Hamdi Shaker Mahmoud, Student Guidance and Guidance for Mentors and Teachers, first edition, Dar Al-Andalus for Publishing and Distribution, Saudi Arabia, 1998, p. 36.
16. QasimLamzamSabr: Topics in Movement Training, Baghdad, College of Physical Education Press, 2005, p. 59.
17. Tawfiq Ahmed and Mahmoud Al-Hilla: General Teaching Methods, (Amman, (b.m., 2003), p. 66).
Complement (1(
Shows an example of a counseling session First session:
Time: 30 minutes Session title: Opening Session Objectives:
1. Getting to know the members of the guiding group and preparing them to interact with the guiding approach.
2. Establishing a relationship characterized by love, respect and a sense of familiarity between researchers and players.
3. Introduce the players to the purpose of the guiding curriculum and what its contents are 4. Agree on the place and time of the counseling sessions.
The methods used:
1. Dialogue and discussion between researchers and members of the advisory group 2. Provide the necessary instructions.
3. Interview between researchers and members of the advisory group.
4. to be homework.
How to manage the session and its sequence of activities
The researchers gave the group members a general idea of the psychological counseling approach, and its role in helping athletes to solve their problems that they face in their daily and sports lives in an accurate scientific manner, to be able to plan programmed and organized. Taking appropriate decisions to solve them, in addition to providing them with effective methods to raise the self-efficacy of fencing players, as well as the impression and expectations of individuals for orientation sessions and correcting false expectations, and the people taken. In providing assistance to the players in their way of thinking. Perform offensive skills during training or competition, after which it is agreed with the members of the steering group on the B.Sc.
Curriculum rules, which consist of:
Commitment to attend counseling curriculum sessions.
Active participation of group members in the sessions and presentation of their problems without embarrassment.
Emphasizing the confidentiality of information among others and not talking about it outside the consultative sessions.
Mutual respect for the opinions of other group members in counseling sessions.
Then ask the researchers from the group members about the existence of any questions for the group, and ask the researchers to prepare special book sessions that explain their descriptions of the book, and the researchers described to the group members that the number of meetings (12 Saturdays), and it takes place in more than a month and a half, and each session lasts from (30-40) ) accurate, and as researchers agree with group members about the schedule of sessions and the most appropriate dates. In a way that does not conflict with their obligations.
The researchers assigned the group members a homework that they must complete until the next session, which is-
1. Prepare your ledger.
2. Record the interesting activities and events that you experienced during the week following the session.
