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10312

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Information Booklet on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Human Breast Milk Banking Among Postnatal Mothers

Miss. ShubhangiMundhe1, Dr.Seeta Devi2, Mrs. ShitalWaghmare3, Miss Shubhangi Mundhe4

1M.Sc Nursing Student, Symbiosis College of Nursing (SCON), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune.411004

2Assoc. Professor, Symbiosis College of Nursing (SCON), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU),

3Assoc. Professor Symbiosis College of Nursing (SCON) Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU),

4M.Sc Nursing Student Symbiosis College of Nursing (SCON) Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune.411004

Abstract.

Background:Human breast milk contains a rich source of nutrition, which should be given to all babies.

But in some cases when it is not possible, expressed donated milk is the second option. In developing countries, women are not aware of the donation of human milk and human milk banks.

Methodology: In the present study quantitative research study approach was designed. One of the experiementalresearch, that is pre-experimental designwas executed. The subjects were 40 postnatal women who were chosen by using the techniques of judgemental sampling. The structured surveyform and checklists were used to collect the data. The reliability of the tool was calculated by using Pearson’s correlation coefficient test, the results were 0.84, 0.80, and 0.94.

Result:In the current study paired t was used to check the significance between pretest and posttest results, t value was 1.78 at 48 degrees of freedom and the p-value was -1.58, these values are lesser than 0.05. It indicates that the intervention which was used in this study found to be effective

Conclusion: All health care professionals need to provide awareness on breast milk donation facilities available in urban cities and how it is useful for babies who cannot availof breast milk.

Keywords:Knowledge, effectiveness, Attitude, Information booklet, Human Breast Milk Banking.

1. Introduction

A human Breast Milk Bank is a service that is facilitated for collecting, screening, processing, storing, and distributing donated human milk to needy infants. These banks provide a substitution for formula feeds for preterm babies when mothers breast milk not available1.

Human breast milk bank primarily serves to provide human milk for the babies who were admitted to NICUs 2.

Premature infants are the main group of newborns who take significant benefits out of it. Human milk protects premature newborns from diseases includes enterocolitis and sepsis3.

If the milk supply for women is sufficient and excessive, she donates her extra milk to the babies whose mothers have insufficient and absent of lactation, a twin born babies, whose mother can not produce the breast milk for their babies. Some of the other babies also require donor milk such as adopted neonates4. The mother one who is healthy, having a healthy newborn, and who voluntarly give acceptance to donate their breast milk are eligible for donating their breast milk6.

The majority of the postnatal women are healthy and produce an excessive amount of milk in the breast, which might cause breast complications such as breast engorgement. Due to this, the women are advised to express the extra breast milk manually and through. If these women are educated and guided to donate their extra milk, which will be greatly beneficial for the babies who do not have cant to get their mother’s milk7.

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Therefore present researchers had provided the awareness on facilities available for a donation of human milk and benefits for them as well to the little tiny baby who cannot get human milk.

The objective of the study;

1. To assess the knowledge regarding Human Breast Milk Banking among postnatal mothers before and after the intervention.

2. To assess the attitude regarding Human Breast Milk Banking among postnatal mothers before and after the intervention.

3. To correlate the knowledge and attitude with selected demographic variables after interventions.

Null Hypothesis

Ho: No significant difference in the knowledge and attitude regarding Human Breast Milk Banking among postnatal mothers before and after the intervention.

METHODOLOGY

Research Approach: Researchers have conducted the by adopting quantitative research approach.

Research Design:Pre experimental one group pretest and posttest research design was adopted.

Setting: The study was piloted in selected hospitals ofthe Pune district.

Sampling techniques: Subjectswere chosen by using the techniques of judgemental sampling

Sample size: 40 postnatal mothers,who had been given the acceptance to participate in the study. These participants have been informed about the study and its purpose.

Tools of data collection:

The tool had comprised of three sections, section I contains demographic data, section II consisted of an assessment of knowledgeregarding human breast milk banking and section III contained the attitude of postnatal women regarding human breast milk banking, and section

RESULTS:

Table no 1: Distribution of participants based on their demographic variable ( freq and percentage) n=40

Sr.no Personal characteristics

Frequency %

1 Age of the mother

20-25 years 14 35

26-30 years 16 38

More than 30 years 10 25

2 Marital status

Married 35 87.5

Unmarried 0 0

Widow 2 5

Divorced 3 7.5

3 Education

qualification

Graduate 20 50

School education 20 50

Illiterate 0 0

4 Employment status

Daily waged 13 32.5

Private 15 37.5

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10314

Government 8 20

Unemployed 4 10

5 Religion

Hindu 18 45

Muslim 9 22.5

Christian 8 20

Others 5 12.5

6 Family monthly

income

Less than 10000 9 22.5

10001 – 20000 10 25

20001 – 30000 7 17.5

More than 30000 14 35

Table no 2: Distribution of the participants based on the awareness scoreregarding HBMB n=40

KNOWLEDGE SCORES

Pre-test Post-test

Frequency Percentage Frequency %

Poor (0-2) 20 50 0 0

Average (3-5) 20 50 0 0

Good (6-8) 0 0 26 65

Excellent (9-10) 0 0 14 35

Table No. 3: Paired t-test scores on knowledge regarding HBMB n=40

Mean SD T

value

df p-

value

Pre-test 9.8 4.13 1.83 48 -7.8 Significant

post-test 32.7 2.18

Table no. 4: Distribution of the participants based on the attitude score regarding HBMB n = 40

ATTITUDE SCORES Pre-test Post-test

Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage

Poor (0-2) 0 0 0 0

Average (3-5) 31 77.5 0 0

Good (6-8) 9 22.5 4 10

Excellent (9-10) 0 0 36 90

Table No. 5: Paired t-test scores on attitude regarding HBMB n=40

Mean SD t df p-value Remark

Pre-test 19.76 5.11 1.78 48 -1.58 Significant

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post-test 36.76 2.06

Table No 6: Fisher’s exact test to check the association between selected demographic variables with knowledge scores:

Sr.no Demographic variable Scores P-Value

Average Poor

1. Age of the mother 0.024

20-25 years 12 12

26-30 years 3 10

More than 30 years 1 12

2. Marital status 0.171

Married 3 10

Unmarried 2 6

Widow 4 5

Divorced 2 8

3. Education qualification 0.29

Graduate 3 16

School education 0 10

Illiterate 3 8

4. Employment status 0.099

Daily waged 4 8

Private 0 7

Government 0 10

Unemployed 2 9

5. Religion 0.02

Hindu 4 8

Muslim 1 6

Christian 2 8

Others 2 9

6. Gravida 0.556

First pregnancy 4 29

Second pregnancy 2 5

More than 3 0 0

7. Number of Children 0.663

First pregnancy 4 21

Second pregnancy 2 13

More than3 0

Discussion:

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10316 The current study aimed to assess the awareness among postnatal women regarding human breast milk banks and donation. The results showed that out of 40 participants, 50 % of the women had poorknowledge in the pretest, in the posttest the values rose, almost all women had good and excellent knowledge. Regardingthe attitude of women regarding HBMB, in the pretest majority of the women had a poor attitude, however, in the posttest, 90 % of the women had an excellent attitude. These results show that the intervention had shown a very good impact in improving the knowledge and attitude of women regarding human breast milk banks and donation of breast milk.

In general, in India the birth rates of small for gestational age, prematurity, and low birth weight quite high. To increase the consumption of breastfeeding rates, pasteurized human breast milk banks play a key role, directly which is beneficial in reducing the mortality and morbidity rates among newborn babies.

Thus it is very important to create awareness regarding human breast milk banks among postnatal women.

Nurses must advocate and enhance the knowledge regarding HBMB and exclusive breastfeeding.

Conflict of interest – Not found Source of Funding- No funds received.

Ethical clearance –Institutional Research Committee of Symbiosis College of Nursing, Symbiosis International Deemed University (SIU) has provided the ethical clearance.

References

[1] Beaudry M, Dufour R, Marcoux S. Relation between infant feeding and infections during the first six months of life. J Pediatr. 1995;126:191–7.

[2] Bhandari N, Bahl R, Mazumdar S, Martines J, Black RE, Bhan MK. Effect of community-based promotion of exclusive breastfeeding on diarrhoeal illness and growth: A cluster randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;361:1418–23.

[3] Ball TM, Wright AL. Health care costs of formula-feeding in the first year of life. Pediatrics. 1999;103:870–6.

[4] Hylander MA, Strobino DM, Dhanireddy R. Human milk feedings and infection among very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 1998;102:E38.

[5] Narayanan I, Prakash K, Bala S, Verma RK, Gujral VV. Partial supplementation with expressed breast-milk for prevention of infection in low-birth-weight infants. Lancet. 1980;2:561–3.

[6] Schanler RJ, Shulman RJ, Lau C. Feeding strategies for premature infants: Beneficial outcomes of feeding fortified human milk versus preterm formula. Pediatrics. 1999;103:1150–7.

[7] Jones F. History of North American donor milk banking: One hundred years of progress. J Hum Lact. 2003;19:313–8.

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