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A Secured Remote Health Monitoring System Based on IoT

1R. Priya, 2K.Helen Prabha, 3R.Hemalatha. 4P. Vanmathi 5M.

Ilakiya

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

1,2,3,4,5Department of ECE, RMD Engineering College, Chennai, India

Abstract_ The Personal Healthcare Devices (PHDs) measure vital signals of patient. The benefits of PHDs are: (1) wearable (2) Support diseased people (3) Continuous monitoring of health and precaution leads to increased lifetime. Due to the arrival of various communication standards like low power Bluetooth, zigbee, and Internet of Things, the PHDs might be connected to caretakers or doctors and provide proper advice or medication. This project deals with designing a firmware for PHDs, which is interoperable and secure. The benefits of the proposed system are:

i. Low cost PHDs might be designed compatible for the firmware ii. Ensures privacy

iii. Improves patient care

There exists a challenge in terms of maintaining privacy of patient’s data when connecting PHDs to the network. .In this work, we integrate PHDs with internet for sharing health data using Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) and AES algorithm for Security purpose. CoAP is predicted on the Representational State Transfer (REST) model and may be considered a real enabler for Internet of Things (IoT). IoT is characterized by an interconnected set of individually addressed and constrained devices during distributed system, with sensing/active devices for physical phenomena, data collection, and applications using sensing, computation and actuation.

Keywords: Personal Healthcare Devices(PHD), Constrained Application Protocol(CoAP), Representational State Transfer(REST), Internet of Things(IoT),Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) .

I. INTRODUCTION

The next wave within the age of computing are getting to be outside the realm of the traditional desktop. within the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, many of the objects that surround us are getting to get on the network in one form or another [1] .These results in the generation of enormous amounts of knowledge which need to be stored processed and presented during a seamless, efficient, and simply interpretable form. With the growing presence of Wi-Fi and 4G-LTE wireless Internet access, the evolution towards ubiquitous information and communication networks is already evident. However, for the web of Things vision to successfully emerge, the computing paradigm will got to transcend traditional mobile computing scenarios that use smart phones and portables, and evolve into connecting everyday existing objects and embedding intelligence into our surroundings. For technology to disappear from the consciousness of the user, the online of Things demands: A shared understanding of things of its users and their appliances.

Maintaining healthiness is one among the worldwide challenges for humanity as in millennium website (2016). consistent with the constitutions of World Health Organization (WHO) the very best attainable standard of health may be a fundamental right for a private as stated in WHO website (2016) [2]. during this approach the patients are equipped with knowledge and knowledge to play a more active role in disease diagnosis, and prevention. Smartphone, supported with high speed data services, has revolutionized

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healthcare by playing the role of a strong medical device for monitoring the patients’

health. during this work, for sharing health data we use Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). CoAP is predicated on the Representational State Transfer (REST) model and may be considered a true enabler for Internet of Things (IoT). IoT is characterized by an interconnected set of individually addressed and constrained devices during a distributed system, with sensing/active devices for physical phenomena, data collection, and applications using sensing, computation, and actuation.

Fig1 shows the overview of IoT.

Figure 1 Overview of IoT

II.RELATED WORK

Without sufficient and elaborate study of the previous works of the projects, it is difficult to enhance or improve the shortcomings of it. So here a few words explaining the literature survey of the proposed work from various papers are given for reference.

2.1. A REST based Design for Web of Things in Smart Environments

[3] realized that the main vision of “Web of Things” is the connectivity of web to billions of smart objects. The main challenge is interoperability, which is held in that application layer. An approach using REST (Representational Atate Transfer) principles for smart plant-watering application is briefed here. CoAP uses both messaging (asynchronous interaction) as well as request/response (uses method) model. Totally 19 Motes in which one is border router, one for CoAP server and others are CoAP clients in multihop fashion. The software used is cooja, wireshark, copper on Contiki-2.6 to perform experiments on TMote skys. Cooja simulator simulates the Contiki nodes, Wireshark is used as network performance analyzer tool and copper is added as Mozilla Firefox add-on. The novelty in this paper is an algorithm for an efficient PUSH scheme has been proposed and evaluated. The future work deals with the design of CoAP

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[4] This work addressed user authentication scheme and data flow mechanism that facilitates security and privacy protection, enable medical personnel to instantly monitor the health conditions of care receivers, and provide care receivers and comprehensive medical care.

The security in implemented in different phases of operation such as registration, login, and authentication. Merits of the system are Only Authorized users can access the Data.

Authorization has to be done with trusted authority individually. Disadvantage of the system is high computational complexity.

2.3 A personal connected health system for the Internet of Things based on the Constrained Application Protocol

[5] Implemented a system by integrating CoAP with Rabin Security. The CoAP messages is light weight so it makes them suitable for constrained devices like PHDs. Simple messages require less processing power from devices, and also require less internal storage buffers.

Demerits of the system are all readings are shared with health service on the internet using CoAP and not secure.

2.4 CoAP (Constrained application protocol) in M2M Environmental Monitoring System [6] deployed CoAP in mobile environmental monitoring system for transmission of a resource description and sensor environmental data from IoT nodes and vehicle tracking devices. CoAP is not just a compressed but subset of HTTP. A single layer protocol is encoded in a simple binary format. Telit GEM-GPRS modems used along with python interpreter. Payload is inserted into HTTP message and forwarded to a web server and stored in local database defined in Access.

Wireshark is used for size determination. The performance parameter used is average transmission time between CoAP and HTTP which shows the time for message transport is 3 times smaller if CoAP protocol is used.

III.METHODOLOGY:

The Motes used for the three categories such as one mote as Server, one as Border Router and Clients may be in any number.

• Server – A Restful server shows the way to use the remainder REST layer to develop server-side applications

• Border Router – Border Router turned on the radio. Enabling of it helps in connection between that of client as well as server to that of CoAP web Address. Border-The same stack router has to fits into mote memory.

• Client – A CoAP, for every 10 seconds the actuators and toggle resourse gets polled by the client and on button press cycles through 4 resources

The communication between Border Router, Client and Server is shown in Figure 2.

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Figure 2 Communications between Border Router, Client, and Server

The client could be Bluetooth enabled device (PHD) or a sensor device (TelosB mote). The agents attached with sensor monitor the vital signs of human and transmit the data periodically to the manager. The TelosB mote equipped with temperature sensor monitor the body temperature and updates the manager in a periodical manner. The need for continuous monitoring of temperature is as follows:

• Body temperature represents the balance between heat production and heat loss

• Every 1°C rise in body temperature is a 10% rise in the rate of enzyme-controlled chemical reactions [5]

• At 43°C and above, cells gets damaged and enzymes gets denatured, and so rendering death a certainty [5]

• As temperature drops, cellular processes become slow and the metabolic rate falls

Based on the temperature data received, the administrators (care taker, doctor) will take precaution measures to attend the patient. The communication between agent and manager are done using CoAP along with AES algorithm to achieve privacy. As the number of agent node increases the data could be transferred in a secured way.

IV. CoAP

The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is a specialized web transfer protocol for use with constrained nodes and constrained (e.g., low-power, lossy) networks. It provides a request/response interaction model with application endpoints, supports built-in discovery of services and resources, and includes key concepts of the online like URIs and Internet media types CoAP is meant to simply interface with HTTP for integration with the online while meeting specialized requirements like multicast support, very low overhead, and ease for constrained environment

V. MESSAGE TYPES

• Confirmable Message - Some messages require an acknowledgement. These messages are called "Confirmable". as shown in Fig 3.

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• Non-confirmable Message - Another messages don’t require an Acknowledgement. As shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4 NON-Confirmable Message

• Acknowledgement Message - An Acknowledgement message acknowledges selected confirmable message arrived.

• Reset Message - A Reset message indicates that a selected message (Confirmable or Non-confirmable) was received, but some context is missing to properly process it.

VI. CONTIKI ARCHITECTURE

The Contiki OS follows the modular architecture in [6]. It follows the event driven model at kernel level, but it provides optional threading facilities to individual processes. It comprises of event scheduler of light weight that dispatches events to running processes.

VII. Cooja Simulator

With the rapid increase in the amount of wireless sensor nodes and other wireless devices forming heterogeneous networks, it becomes unfeasible to test real setups using physical hardware. While one can test systems and protocols on an abstract level by simulating

wireless phenomena, such simulation alone is insufficient because software are often susceptible to bugs and unexpected interrelations. Simulating complicated wireless setups using precisely the same firmware image which will later be used on real wireless

nodes is therefore crucial.

VIII.SECURITY

AES is an iterative rather than Feistel cipher. it's supported ‘substitution–permutation network’. It comprises of a series of linked operations, variety of which involve replacing inputs by specific outputs (substitutions) et al. involve shuffling bits around (permutations).

Interestingly, AES performs all its computations on bytes rather than bits. Hence, AES treats the 128 bits of a plaintext block as 16 bytes. These 16 bytes are arranged in four columns and 4 rows for processing as a matrix. Unlike DES, the amount of rounds in AES is

variable and depends on the length of the key. AES uses 10 rounds for 128 -bit keys, 12 rounds for 192-bit keys and 14 rounds for 256-bit keys. Each of these rounds uses a special

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128-bit round key, which is calculated from the primary AESkey.

Figure 5 The schematic structure of AES

IX.SIMULATION RESULTS

9.1 Encryption of Message Using AES

Figure 6 : Encryption of Message 9.2 Decryption of Message Using AES

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Fig 6 and 7 shows about the message encryption on server side and decryption of the encrypted message on the server side using AES security algorithm.

X.CONCLUSION

Personal Health Devices (PHDs) allow patient to measure or monitor health status. Due to the recent developments in communication methodologies the devices can transfer data using short- range wireless technologies such as Bluetooth, Near-Field Communication (NFC), ZigBee or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), to mention some. The main challenge is to seamlessly integrate PHDs, mobile devices and Internet services, considering scalability, flexibility and heterogeneity of devices and technologies.The proposed system helps to achieve secured interoperable communication between different PHDs.

XIV.RFERENCES

1. A Right to Health available at http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets accessed in ( September 2016).

2. mHealth App Developer Economics (2014) available at http://mhealtheconomics.com/mhealthdeveloper-economics-report/ accessed in 2016.

3. Elias, S., Shivashankar, S., & Manoj, P. (2012, December). A REST based design for Web of Things in smart environments. In Parallel Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC), 2012 2nd IEEE International Conference on (pp. 337-342). IEEE.

4. Liu, Chia-Hui, and Yu-Fang Chung. "Secure user authentication scheme for wireless healthcare sensor networks." Computers & Electrical Engineering (2016).

5. Santos, Danilo FS, Hyggo O. Almeida, and Angelo Perkusich. "A personal connected health system for the Internet of Things based on the Constrained Application Protocol." Computers & Electrical Engineering 44 (2015): 122-136.

6. Boswarthick, David, Omar Elloumi, and Olivier Hersent, eds. M2M communications: a systems approach. John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

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