IoT Based Healthcare Monitoring System using Raspberry Pi
Miss. G. Soniya
1, Mr.T. Rama Krishnaiah
2Author Affiliations
1 Student, Department of ECE, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Hyderabad, India, [email protected]
2Professor, Department of ECE, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Hyderabad, India, [email protected]
ABSTRACT:
The ability to collect data and monitoring data regarding patient‟s health is the moto of this module. Diseases have been increasing in societies not only in urban areas but also increasing in rural areas as well. The objective of this module is tocreate system based on IoT, which is helpful in healthcare organization. By using this model in hospital most of thepatients lives can be saved which are in critical situation. This can track all kind ofhealth parameters like body temperature, Blood pressure etc., To create this model, components like Raspberry Pi 3 (RPi 3) of Model B, DHT11 temperature sensor, Blood pressure sensor, ADC converter, LCD, Buzzer are used, the function ofCloud is to gather the information which is provided by the doctor which can be used for future analysis. Here, the information will be collected, monitored, and made accessible with the help of a PC or through a savvy device.
Keywords: Internet of Things, Raspberry Pi, ADC.
I. INTRODUCTION
In recent years IoT market in healthcare sector has shown rapid growth. Internet usage in healthcare will make it easy for patients to access and track/monitor health information in a timely manner. The healthcare industry has made of significant quantitative breakthrough with the development of IoT. The spread of internet of things (IoT) in healthcare providing a significant opportunity for healthcare organization to reduce the cost of care.As rapid growth in healthcare increases the usage of electronic devices like computers and their networks has exposed medical devices leads to new security issues. Not only in these kinds of devices the data corruption and data related to healthcare which is stored in cloud can be lost can happen during the transmit of data to cloud, to data at rest once it reaches to cloud etc.…
In this real world there are many objects that are physical objects, and many technologies are taken place by introducing IoT in this contemporary era it brought IoT of variations in new and existing technologies which are now reducing complexity. How does IoT work? In many technologies IoT is playing major role many devices or sensors in industries or any other organizations we know that data is collected by sending/ receiving the data. The data transmitted to the gathered end by using a medium which is wireless.
The data which is collected by using the medium is then sent into Cloud or any source called data centre. For some difficult or weird systems or technologies sending the data to the data centre is difficult and takes much time compared with other systems in that case Edge-computing plays an important role by using this almost delay can be reduced. This system will be very useful in organisations related to healthcare to Monitor the data in real time and storing them in cloud helps doctors for future analysis. By developing this model, we can save many lives of patients who are in critical situation.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Dohr, R. Modre-Osprian, et al, [1]” The Internet of Things for Ambient Assisted Living”Internet of Things (IoT) helps us in many ways to communicate between people and different things. Ambient assisted Living (AAL) helps the elderly people to live safe lifestyle and it is used for communication regarding elderly people is most important aspects of AAL.It uses smart technologies and objects to facilitate telemonitoring Systems.
IoT: Remote Patient Monitoring Using Web Services and Cloud Computing” by Junaid Mohammed, Abhinav Thakral et. al, [2] implementation of this system is totally done by design patterns. The name patterns in this system itself we can understand that the system is portioned into 2 layers.
Mohammad S. Jassas, Abdullah A. Qasem, Qusayet. al, [3] conducted a study entitled „‟A Smart System Connecting e-Health Sensors and the Cloud „‟ in this system, it explains that its main aim is to reduce delay for example if any one occurs with an accident in this case this system reduce time by entering data of patient automatically and also in case of some situations like covid cases many people need to attend hospitals by using this system it will help by checking data related to beds in hospitals so with that information hospital providers can take prior actions.
Hasmah Mansor, Muhammad Helmy et. al, [4] “Body temperature measurement for remote health monitoring system” in this they used temperature sensor (LM35) to measure the temperature of the patient they interfaced this sensor with Arduino UNO, in any system data should be stored for future analysis similarly in this system also they developed a database to store the values.
R.S.H. Istepanian et. al, [5] “The Potential of Internet of m-health Things “m-IoT” for Non-Invasive Glucose level Sensing” m-IoT has been developed for updated heath applications. We are facing major diabetes disease which is occurring over all the world and this disease will impact on the social economy. We have different technologies for controlling diabetes and we have potential uses by using m-IoT. We can cure many diseases with minimum cost.
K.Mathan Kumar, R.S.Venkatesan,” et. al, [6] A Design Approach to Smart Health Monitoring Using Android MobileDevices” IoT system mainly connects different things or objects like people and animals etc.
and detect IP address of everything in the earth by this IoT system. We use different smart health monitoring system to control body parameters. By using this IoT system we can identify the certain body parameters of the patient and in any emergency the doctor will get alter by using this smart health monitoring system using IoT technology.
A Zigbee-Based Wearable Physiological Parameters Monitoring System” by KarandeepMalhi, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay et. al, [7] In this system if a person is feeling sick, he is not able to attend the hospital in that situation this monitoring system will be useful. This system can wear on fingers or wrist of the patient by using some sensors his health parameters such as temperature, blood pressure etc., these parameters are wirelessly monitored at his/her own house.
Nitin P. Jain Preeti N. Jain Trupti P. et. al,[8] “An Embedded, GSM based, Multi parameter, Real time Patient Monitoring System and Control –An Implementation for ICU Patients”. GSM technology is developed to monitor an ICU patient and it will control over dosage of medicine. It is a parameter of remotely controlling risk conditions of the patients. To control proper actions of alarm triggering systems this technology is used. It is a real time remotely patient monitoring system.
B. G Lee, W.Y. Chung, [9] “A Smartphone-based Driver Safety Monitoring System Using Data Fusion”, Sensors, 12, 2012, pp. 17536–17552. This paper deals about technologies based on driver safety as most of the humans are depending on public transport in this case driver safety is very important .in this system driver safety is monitored in a mobile application. They also used Bluetooth for communication purpose.
P. C. HI,, S.C. Lee, T. H. Kwon, et. al,[10]“Smart Phone Based Patient-Centered Remote Healthcare Monitoring Application in WSN”, Now a days in this busy world disease are increasing day by day this is the reason hospitals are also taking place everywhere in cities and villages and the charge in the hospitals is high which most of the patients cannot afford. By introducing this system, we can continuously monitor the health of the patient, but the drawback is it is very complex system.
L. C. Jersak, A. C. da Costa, D. A. Callegari,[11]“A Systematic Review on Mobile Health Care”, In rural areas people have lack of awareness of medical diagnosis. To connect the people living in rural areas with doctors and the doctors will monitor the people and give correct treatment to the people by using this technology. This system is less in cost and do not compromise in quality, and also gives efficient output regarding health condition of patients.
Alex Newton – [12] „‟ESP8266 & Arduino based Health Monitoring System‟‟ Here to process or run code Arduino UNO is used and the output of the system will be displayed on LCD as shown in figure. The other module is Wi-Fi-module which sends the data or information to server so that can be used for future analysis.
III. METHODOLOGY
In this existing system if a person is feeling is not feeling well, if he is not in a position to attend the hospital in that situation this monitoring system will be useful in real time. This system can wear on fingers or wrist of the patient. By using some sensors his health parameters such as temperature, blood pressure etc., these parameters are wirelessly monitored at his/her own house. So that if a patient is occurred with heart stroke or any kind of severe attacks in that case this model will be helpful because continuously monitoring patient‟s health can save their lives. The drawback of this system is complexity increases because of transferring large amount data through wireless medium.
FIGURE 1: Existing block diagram
The only system that involves in maintain good/quality services and trying to improve the medical services to fulfil the medical demands of the patients. Improvements in healthcare sector are taking place all over the globe.
The reason behind the improvement in healthcare is only due to the innovation of new technology. The focus is only on the quality improvement.IoT is a booming technology from past few years it is used in industries,
automobiles, agriculture and in healthcare. It is mainly used in this healthcare because to reduce complexity.
And in general hospitals we observe that requirement for nurses will be more and visiting the patients by the doctor will take time and, he costs more by introducing this project by proper execution or planning we can reduce unnecessary cost and also can improve quality.Once I have read news about people who are suffering from diseases and losing lives due to services that are not provided by hospitals, in some emergency conditions if doctor is busy with some other patients or works it will be very difficult to him to monitor only one patient whole day so if we by using this device doctor can monitor the health of the patient in real time if patient is in emergency condition immediately doctor will take care so that we can save many lives and can reduce maximum death rates. Existing projects are having some drawbacks to reduce them I am introducing this module.
Detailed explanation of proposed system the block diagram here is all the sensors are connected to Raspberry pi.
ECG sensor is used to collect the analog information from the patient and this analog output is given to ADC CONVERTER which converts analog signal to digital signal and this output signal is given to Raspberry pi.
DH11 Temperature sensor will senses the temperature of the patient and heartbeat sensor senses the heartbeat of the patient. Whose temperature values and heartbeat values are displayed on the LCD. When the temperature and heartbeat of the patient increase above the threshold value automatically buzzer rings and notification will send to the doctor that patient condition is not in normal state. If the values of temperature sensor and heartbeat sensor below the threshold value, then the notification send to the doctor that the patient condition is in normal state. The values will be stored in the cloud which can be used for future analysis. Whenever the heartbeat values of patients or blood pressure increases doctor can take necessary actions in that case the values are also stored in the cloud for future analysis. Here using of such devices in healthcare organizations we can reduce complexity and can expect efficient results. Compare to other systems time consumption is also less. These kinds of systems can perform well by reducing errors and these are also of low cost.
FIGURE 2: Block diagram of proposed system design
Flow chart
FIGURE 3: Working flow
As shown in the figure.3, after starting the process sensors will active. Firstly, ECG sensor is used to collect the analog information from the patient and this analog output is given to ADC CONVERTER which converts analog signal to digital signal and this output will send to controller, controller used in this project is Raspberry pi. DH11 Temperature sensor will senses the temperature of the patient and heartbeat sensor senses the heartbeat of the patient. Whose temperature values and heartbeat values are displayed on the LCD. When the temperature and heartbeat of the patient increase above the threshold value automatically buzzer rings and notification will send to the doctor that patient condition is not in normal state. If the values of temperature sensor and heartbeat sensor below the threshold value, then the notification send to the doctor that the patient condition is in normal state. The values will be stored in the cloud which can be used for future analysis.
FIGURE 4: Overall circuit of the proposed system
IV. HARDWARE COMPONENTS Raspberry Pi 3B:
It is an ARM-based credit card sized board. This is a single board computer. The processor runs at 1.2 GHz and consists of 1 GB of RAM memory. It consists of 40 GPIO pins meant for general purpose. Additional features include Bluetooth connectivity as well as wireless LAN.
ADC:Analog to digital converter as a device which is used for converting the continuous or analog signal into discrete signal or digital signal.
Temperature sensor:The temperature sensor is a sensor which measures temperature, and it is a low-cost sensor. It gives the accurate output compared to other sensors.
FIGURE 5: Temperature sensor
ThingSpeak:
ThingSpeak is an IOT platform which collects data from different sensors. ThingSpeak is used to analyses the data with MATLAB and other software‟s. ThingSpeak stores the data in both private and public channels which can be used to share the date with others. ThingSpeak for IOT Thing speak allows you to analyse the live data in the cloud where the data is stored in channels. things peak provides visualizations of data and it execute MATLAB code. This platform performs online analysis of the data which is stored.
FIGURE 5: IoT connectivity with ThingSpeak
V. RESULTS
If patient‟s temperature is above 99 degrees Fahrenheit the threshold value, then buzzer rings and sends the notification to doctor so that he can save the lives of patient in critical conditions. If patient‟s temperature is below 95 degrees Fahrenheit the threshold value, just notification will be sent to doctor that patient condition is in normal state. Blood pressure 120/139mm it is at risk at that case doctor will respond immediately. Normal heartbeat rate should be in between 60-100 beats per minute so if it is above or below the patient is at risk so doctor should take action immediately. The cloud stores the values of the parameters such as temperature, heartbeat, blood pressure so that it can be used for future analysis. The values will be displayed as graph as shown in below figure 5.4 & 5.5
FIGURE 6: Temperature values of patient
If patient‟s temperature is above the threshold value, then buzzer rings and sends the notification to doctor so that he can save the lives of patient in critical conditions. If patient‟s temperature is below the threshold value, just notification will be sent to doctor that patient condition is in normal state.
FIGURE 7: Temperature, ECG, Heartrate, SPO2 values of patient displaying on LCD display
FIGURE 8: Temperature and ECG Output
FIGURE 9:SPO2 and Heartrate output
VI. CONCLUSION
The use of the key component of raspberry pi is observed in this paper here we implemented health care monitoring system which continuously monitors the health of the patient. The system architecture is very simple as shown in above figure 5.1, the main objective is to build user friendly device which acts as a bridge between patient and doctor. We implemented a multipurpose system that monitor different parameters of patient and it can be measured easily and also operating this device is simple compared with other systems.
VII. FUTURE SCOPE
In future we can develop this system for gathering more information related to patients by using many sensors.
And planning for improving quality to obtain efficient results while collecting huge data. In future this system can implemented by including new technologies to maintain security for the data i.e, protecting from Hackers.
To protect data many cloud computing techniques can also be used in future works.
VIII. REFERENCES
[1] A. Dohr, R. Modre-Osprian, M. Drobics, D. Hayn, G.Schreier, ”The Internet of Things for Ambient Assisted Living”, Seventh International Conference on Information Technology, pp 804-809,2010.
[2] Junaid Mohammed, Abhinav Thakral, Adrian Filip Ocneanu, Colin Jones, Chung-Horng Lung, Andy Adler,” Internet of Things: Remote Patient Monitoring Using Web Services and Cloud Computing”, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings 2014), Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom2014), and CyberPhysical- pp 256-263,2014
[3] Mohammad S. Jassas, Abdullah A. Qasem, Qusay H. Mahmoud,” A Smart System Connecting e-Health Sensors and the Cloud A Smart System Connecting e-Health Sensors and the Cloud” Proceeding of the IEEE 28th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering Halifax, Canada, pp 712-716,May 3-6, 2015.
[4] Hasmah Mansor, Muhammad Helmy Abdul Shukor, Siti Sarah Meskam, Nur Quraisyia Aqilah MohdRusli, Nasiha Sakinah Zamery,” Body Temperature Measurement for Remote Health Monitoring System” IEEE International Conference on Smart Instrumentation, Measurement and Applications (ICSIMA)26-27 November 2013.
[5] R.S.H. Istepanian , S. Hu, N. Y. Philip, and A. Sungoor,” The Potential of Internet of m-health Things “m- IoT” for Non-Invasive Glucose level Sensing”, 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS Boston, Massachusetts USA, pp 5264-5266,August 30 - September 3, 2011.
[6] K.Mathan Kumar, R.S.Venkatesan,” A Design Approach to Smart Health Monitoring Using Android Mobile Devices” IEEE International Conference on Advanced Communication Control and Computing Technologies (ICACCCT), pp 1740-1744,2014.
[7] KarandeepMalhi, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay, Fellow, IEEE, Julia Schnepper, Mathias Haefke, and Hartmut Ewald,” A Zigbee-Based Wearable Physiological Parameters Monitoring System” IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 12, NO. 3, pp 423-430,March 2012.
[8] Nitin P. Jain Preeti N. Jain Trupti P. Agarkar,” An Embedded, GSM based, Multi parameter, Real time Patient Monitoring System and Control –An Implementation for ICU Patients” IEEE World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies, pp 987 –992,2012
[9] B..G Lee, W.Y. Chung, “A Smartphone-based Driver Safety Monitoring System Using Data Fusion”, Sensors, 12, 2012, pp. 17536–17552.
[10] P. C. Hii,, S.C. Lee, T. H. Kwon, W. Y. Chung, “Smart Phone Based Patient-Centred Remote Healthcare Monitoring Application in WSN”, Sens. Lett., 9, 2011, pp. 791–796.
[11] L. C. Jersak, A. C. da Costa, D. A. Callegari, “A Systematic Review on Mobile Health Care”, Tech. Report 073, Faculdade de Informática PUCRS – Brazil, May 2013.
[12] Alex Newton „‟ESP8266 & Arduino based Health Monitoring System‟‟
