Study of Seru for Some Immune Factors in Thyroiditis Disease Patients
Zainab A. Fadhil1, Ibtesam B. Hassan1* , Anwer N. AI Qaym2
1Department of biology, College 0f Education for pure Sciences .University of Diyala, Iraq
2Baquba Teaching Hospital, Diyala ,Iraq
*Corresponding aouther: [email protected].
Abstract
Abstract. thyroiditis disease is an autoimmune inflammationIt has genetic, clinical, pathological, and immunological features, and it goes through alternating phases of healing and relapse.The aim of this study was to assess the immunological status of some Iraqi Thyroiditis patients . The present study was conducted on a groups of patients . This study was conducted for a period from the beginning of October 2020 to the end of January 2021, as blood samples were collected from patients with thyroiditis, as well as healthy people from Baquba Teaching Hospital and Al-Batoul Hospital Education Feminine & Pediatric in DiyalaGovernorateaged 27 female and 3 males healthy participants included in this study as a control group. Their ages ranged between (18-45) years.Hyperthyroidism Group 25 female and 5 males patients.Their ages ranged between (23-60) years.Hypothyroidism Group 30 female patients. Their ages ranged between (21- 60) years. The research looked into the relationship between immunological detection of Immunoglobulin E cellular motility and the ELIZA technique.The current study's findings revealed a significant increase in the level of Immunoglobulin E concentration in the serum of patients with (438.64 ± 52.54) ng/m1 when compared with control group (365.61 ± 19.13 ) ng/m1.at a probability level (P< 0.026). While the result revealed that there was no significant decrease in serum Immunoglobulin E level in hypothyroidism group (339.35 ± 13.24) ng/m1 and when compared with the control group (365.61 ± 19.13 ) ng/m1 . These findings suggest that Immunoglobulin E might have a role in etiopatho genesis of Thyroiditis disease
Key words: Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroid,Immunoglobulin E
Introduction
Immunoglobulin E is produced by IgE-secreting plasma cells and B cellsubsequent to initial allergen exposure, sensitization and re exposure. IgE isnormally present in the serum at very low levels but it can be significantlyelevated in atopic patient Soluble iso forms of three human IgE Fc receptors, namely FcεRI, FcεRII and galectin-3, can be found in serum. These soluble IgE receptors are a diverse family of proteins unified by the characteristic of interacting with IgE in the extracellular matrix the high affinity IgE
receptor has recently been described as a soluble isoform (sFcεRI). (Platts-Mills, 2001 ; Platzer et al., 2011 ).
IgE's main function is immunity to parasites such as helminths like Schistosomamansoni, Trichinellaspiralis, and Fasciola hepatica ,IgE is utilized during immune defense against certain protozoan parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum. IgE may have evolved as a last line of defense to protect against venoms .( Watanabe et al.,2005; Duarte et al.,2007;
Palm et al.,2012 ; Marichal et al .,2013). IgE also has an essential role in type I hypersensitivity It has been observed recently that the recurrence of it is possible to cause Graves' disease via pollen allergy. Linked with IgE synthesis. Therefore, IGE may Plays a role in hyperthyroid induction and maintenance Disease of Graves .Studies in several ethnic groups have reported a high incidence of elevated levels of IgE in autoimmune thyroid disease patients, particularly in diseases of Graves' (Sato,1999;komiya et al., 2001
;Gould er al., 2003; Fitzsimmons et al.,2006 ; Erb , 2007).
A study pointed (Latifi - Pupovci et al.,2014).In Albanian patients with ATD there is no elevation of IgE levels. This could be the result of low prevalence of allergic diseases in Albanian population determined by genetic and environmental factors.
Materials and Methods Subjects
This study was conducted for a period from the beginning of October 2020 to the end of January 2021, as blood samples were collected from patients with thyroiditis, as well as healthy people from Baquba Teaching Hospital and Al-Batoul Hospital Education Feminine & Pediatric in Diyala Governorate. After the diagnosis by taking laboratory analyzes TSH ,T3, T4 and Specialist physician and divided into three study groups have been investigated. An informed consent was obtained from all patients.
Control Group: 27 female and 3 males healthy participants included in this study as a control group. Their ages ranged between (18-45) years.
Hyperthyroidism Group:25 female and 5 males patients . Their ages ranged between (23-60) years.
Hypothyroidism Group: 30 female patients. Their ages ranged between (21-60) years.
Collection of Blood Samples Three Samples were collected by drawing venous blood .Where (5ml) of blood was
withdrawn by using plastic medical syringes after sterilization of the drawing area with ethyl alcohol at a concentration of (70%), and the drawn blood was placed in the test tubes, and the samples were left for (15) minutes at room temperature to avoid clotting.Then the serums were separated by a centrifuge for a period of (5) minutes at a
rate of (3000 revolutions / minute).Then divide the serum into equal quantities (250 μl) in small tubes (Eppendroff) .And store it at a temperature (20 -C ْ) until use ،Each section of the conserved serum was used once to avoid repeated thawing and freezing of the model. For the purpose of measuring the concentration level of Immunoglobulin E by using the sandwich ELISA test.
Assay procedure
The test was performed according to assay procedure Mentioned in the kit Human Immunoglobulin E ELISA in China .Shangha
Figuer(1_1) Standard curved forImmunoglobulin E Statistical analysis:
The IBM SPSS computer program version 26.0 (IBM Corp, 2019) .was used to analyzed the parametric data, mean ± SE, Independent T-test was used to calculate the probability.
While, WinPepi computer program version 11.65 (Abramson, 2011). was used to calculate the probability of the non-parametric data by using Chi-square test.
Results and Discussion:
The results in Table (1_1) showed that there was a non-significant decrease in serum IgE level in hypothyroidism group (339.35 ± 13.24) ng/ml and when compared with the control group (365.61 ± 19.13 )ng/ml . while the result revealed that there were a significant (P< 0.026) increase in serum IgE level in hyperthyroidism group ( 438.64 ± 52.54 ) ng/ ml when compared with control group (365.61 ± 19.13) ng/ml.
StdCurve
<Concentrations/Dilutions>
450
0.000 500.000 1000.000 1500.000 2000.000 2500.000
0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500
Table (1-1): Serum concentrations of Immunoglobulin E in hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism groups and with control group .
Groups Gender Mean ± Std. Error of
Mean
probability
Control Male 307.30 ± 1.71 0.973
Female 372.08 ± 20.92
Total 365.61 ± 19.13 A
Hypothyroidism Female 339.35 ± 13.24
Total 339.35 ± 13.24 A
Hyperthyroidism Male 654.74 ± 215.09 0.026
Female 395.42 ± 44.65
Total 438.64 ± 52.54 A
● Values are Mean ± SE.
● Tukey test: similar letters referred to non- significant differences (P> 0.05) while the different letters referred to a significant differences (P <0.05).
The results of the current study agree with the results (Latifi-pupovci et al.,2014 )A study was conducted on Albanian patients comparing Graves' and Hashimoto with respect to IgE, where the study found that there is an increase in the Graves group in its concentration and control, while no differences were recorded between HashimotoDue to the result of genetic and environmental factors associated with allergic diseases
There are studies that have found elevated levels of lgE in patients with Craves disease (lnoue et al., 1989; sato et al.,1999;Yamada et al.,2002 ; Kim et al., 2002; Yamada et al.,2006 )And they found low levels of igE concentration in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis(Matsui et al.,1978;Sato et al .,1999) .It agrees with the current study.
The current results are a low lgE concentration level in Hashimoto' thyroiditis. Because the patients do not have sensitivity due to the dose, Given by the doctor periodically resulting in a lowering of the lgE concentration.
Type 1 hypersensitivity allergic reactions are mediated by IgE. IgE levels in the blood are usually very low (100,000 times lower than IgG), but they can spike drastically in allergic conditions like bronchopulmonaryaspergillosis or parasitic diseases like schistosomiasis.
Mucosal areas, especially the respiratory tract, contain IgE plasma cells, The gastrointestinal tract, where secreted IgE can mediate the expulsion of parasitic worm infestations, and the skin, where secreted IgE mediates allergic reactions. IgE has a 2--3 day half-life in plasma, but when it binds to the Fc receptor FcRI on the surface of mast cells, basophils, or dendritic cells, it extends to 2--3 weeks. Changed Words Structural Changes Thesaurus Rephrase (van et al., 2014).
Conclusions
1- that there was no significant decrease in serum ImmunoglobulinE level in hypothyroidism group.
2- the result revealed that there were a significant increase in serum Immunoglobulin E level in hyperthyroidism group.
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