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View of Adjustment with respect to Health among College Students of Nagaon District -An Overview

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Adjustment with respect to Health among College Students of Nagaon District -An Overview

Dr. Runjun Saikia

Assistant Professor Department of Education

Panigaon OPD College Lakhimpur, Assam, India Email- [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

Health is a situation of whole physical, intellectual and social prosperity and absence of illness or disorder.

It is one of the most significant perspectives for the prosperity of human. Actually, being healthy is a state wherein one is fit and without any physical and dysfunctional behavior. The aim of the current study is to contemplate the health adjustment of college students and descriptive survey method has been used for that reason. An aggregate of 650 college students were chosen from 7 colleges of Nagaon district of Assam by applying stratified random sampling method. The Bell's Adjustment Inventory (BAI) developed by Dr. R. K Ojha has been utilized for information assortment as a tool. Simple percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation and t-test have been applied for analysis of data.

The major findings of the investigation revealed that the students of colleges have adjustment problems in the health area. The adjustment of the female students of colleges is significantly better than the male students in the health area.

The adjustment of the students of urban institutions is significantly better than the students of rural institutions in the health area.

Keywords: Adjustment, Health, and Student.

1.1 Introduction:

Health plays prime role in the development of one's personality. As defined by World Health Organization (WHO), health may be a “State of complete physical, mental, and social well being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Physical health is the anatomical integrity and physiological functioning of the body. To say an individual is physically healthy-all the body parts should be there, all of them are in their natural place and position, none of them has any pathology; all of them do their physiological functions properly and that they work with one another harmoniously. Mental health is that the ability to find out and think clearly. A person with good psychological state is in a position to handle day-to-day events and obstacles, work towards important goals, and performance effectively in society. Social health is the ability to make and maintain acceptable interactions with other people.

Health can also be a dynamic situation resulting from a body's regular adjustment and adaptation in response to stresses and adjustments inside the surroundings for keeping an internal equilibrium known as homeostasis. Sound health is that the source of satisfaction and adjustment.

Health adjustment is the ability to adjust physically and mentally in different type of atmosphere without causing any impact on health. Healthy adjustment is important for normal growth of a private within the life and education. Education trains man and women for the healthy adjustment in various life situations.

1.2 Significance of the Study:

Students who attend colleges for undergraduate education are generally youths. Transition from school to college may be a complex process for nearly all students. Students‟ entries into the colleges often met with challenges. They need social support from their parents, peers also as college authorities. Most students are move away from home to attend higher institution or college.

Such transition to higher institutions or colleges usually reduces contact and social support from friends and relations. They experience a good sort of difficulties in making satisfactory adjustments to college life.

Since pursuing college degree, students put their major time, energy and money into it, it's crucial to offer proper attention to the issues associated with adjustment. Adjustment difficulties

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arise from the differences between the expectations of the scholars and realities of college life. A major adjustment difficulty could mean an inability to graduate which successively can affect their future. Considering the age of the students of undergraduate level, it may be say that they are at the age of post adolescents‟ period of transition. Charlotte Pope (1943) did extensive systemic study on the problems of adolescents and stated that health adjustment is one of the important problems of adolescents during college life.

The investigators feels that with the change in science and technology and to cope up with the demanding world or society, the students have to pass through various health related problems in addition to college, family, society and personal as well as study involvement problems. Thus, keeping these in view and demands of society, the

investigators thought of selecting the problem as under.

1.3 Statement of the Problem:

The major aim of the investigation is to study the Health adjustment problems of the students who are still studying at undergraduate level. Taking the issue of this special group‟s problem as important one, the research problem undertaken for the present study has been entitled as “Adjustment with respect to Health among College Students of Nagaon District- An Overview”.

1.4 Objectives of the Present Study:

The objectives of this study are as following.

1. To study the heath adjustment problems of the students of undergraduate level.

2. To study the health adjustment problems of the students according to gender (Male &

Female).

3. To study the health adjustment of the students according to the location of college (Rural &

Urban).

1.5 Hypotheses:

The following hypotheses are frame for the present study based on the above objectives.

H01 -There is no significant difference in the health adjustment of students of undergraduate level according to gender (Male & Female).

H02 -There is no significant difference in the health adjustment of the students according to the location of college (Rural & Urban).

1.6 Delimitation of the Study:

The study is delimited within students, geographical area and procedural aspects. The study is concerned with the students presently studying at undergraduate levels in general degree colleges of Arts faculty only. The area of the study is confined to the Nagaon district of Assam and the present study included the provincialized general degree colleges affiliated to the Gauhati University. The procedural delimitations are the sample of the study and the scale used by the researcher.

2.1 Method of the Present Study:

The Descriptive Method of research has been used in the present study. The type of descriptive research method applied in this study is the “Survey study” method.

2.2 Study Area:

The study has been conducted within the provincialized colleges of Nagaon district of Assam.

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2.3 Population of the Study:

The population of this study comprises the students of all the 21(twenty one) provincialized general degree colleges (5 urban and 16 rural) of Nagaon district of Assam.

2.4 Sample and Sampling Design:

In the present study sampling has been done at two stages as (A) Selection of sample of colleges and (B) Selection of sample of students.

(A) Selection of Sample of Colleges:

The Stratified Random Sampling method has been employed in selecting the sample of colleges and the total sample of colleges for the present study consisted of 7 provincialised general degree colleges in Nagaon district.

(B) Selection of Sample of Students.

The present study has included „Gender‟ and „Location of colleges‟ are the variables for analysis, stratified random sampling method (proportionate allocation) has been followed for selection of sample of students from each of the selected colleges. The stratified random sampling method (proportionate allocation) has been followed for selection of sample of students from each of the selected colleges. Taking 30% from each of the stratum, the total sample for the present study consisted of 650 undergraduate students of which 440 are students of rural colleges (219 male and 221 female) and 210 are students of urban colleges (99 male and 111 female). Thus, the total numbers of male and female students in the present study are 318 and 332 respectively.

2.5 Tools Used for Data Collection:

To carry out any research the selection of research tools must be such that data can be gathered to test the

hypothesis effectively. The Adjustment Inventory used in the present study has been developed by Dr. R. K. Ojha on the basis of Bell‟s Adjustment Inventory (Students Form).

2.6 Statistical Method Applied for Analysis of Data:

In the present study, the obtained data are subjected to a number of statistical analyses. All the data are analyzed with the help of computer using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).The Simple percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation and t-tests are used for analysis and interpretation the data.

1. Analysis of Data And Interpretation

The percentage distribution of the students in the different categories of adjustment in health area is presented in the Table 3.01.

Table-3.01

Percentage Distribution of the Students in the Different Categories of Adjustment in Health Area

Area of Adjustment Category of Adjustment Range of Scores

Students Total (N=650) Number Percentage

Health

Excellent Below 1 - -

Good 1-3 3 0.46

Average 4-10 521 80.16

Unsatisfactory 11-13 120 18.46

Very unsatisfactory 14 & above 6 0.92

It is observed from the Table 3.01 that, 80.16 per cent of the students are in average

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category followed by 18.46 per cent in unsatisfactory, 0.92 per cent in very unsatisfactory and 0.46 per-cent are in good category of adjustment in the health area. There is no student in excellent category of adjustment. It is also observed that the majority of the students are in average category of adjustment in the health area.

The percentage distribution of the students in the different categories of adjustment in health area is presented with the help of bar diagram (Figure-3.01).

Fig.-3.01

Percentage Distribution of the Students in the Different Categories of Adjustment in Health Area

The percentage distribution of the students in the different categories of adjustment according to gender in health area is presented in the Table 3.02.

Among the male students, 77.99 per cent are in average and 22.01 per cent are in unsatisfactory category in the health area of adjustment. In the same area of adjustment, the percentages of female students are 81.33, 15.87, 1.20, and 0.90 in average, unsatisfactory, good and very unsatisfactory category respectively. There is no male student in excellent, good and very unsatisfactory category of adjustment whereas no female student in excellent category of adjustment. It is observed that the adjustment capacity of the female students is better than the male students in the health area of adjustment (Table-3.02).

The percentage of the students in the health area of adjustment according to gender is presented with the help of bar diagram (Figure-3.02).

0 20 40 60 80 100

Health

0 0.46

80.16

18.46

0.92

Excellent Good Average Unsatisfactory Very unsatisfactory

Area of adjustment

Percentage

Table-3.02

Percentage Distribution of the Students in the Different Categories of Adjustment According to Gender in Health Area

Areas of

adjustment Category of adjustment Range of Scores

Students

Male (N=318) Female (N=332)

Number Percentage Number Percentage Health

Excellent Below 1 - -

Good 1-3 - - 4 1.20

Average 4-10 248 77.99 270 81.33

Unsatisfactory 11-13 70 22.01 55 15.57

Very unsatisfactory 14 & above - - 3 0.90

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Fig.-3.02

Percentage of the Students in the Health Area of Adjustment According to Gender The collected data are tabulated and calculated for the Mean, Standard Deviation and „t‟

value . The Mean of adjustment score, Standard Deviation and „t” value of the students in the health area according to gender is presented in the Table-3.03.

Table-3.03

Mean, Standard Deviation of Adjustment Score and ‘t’ value of the Students in the Health Area According to Gender

Area of Adjustment

Gender of Student

Mean Standard Deviation

„t‟

Value

Level of Significance

Health Male 11.63 1.79

17.29 Significant

Female 9.33 1.59

It is observed from the Table-3.03 that the mean of adjustment score of the male students are 11.63 & female students are 9.33 in the health area of adjustment. It could be concluded that the female students are better adjusted than the male students in the health area of adjustment.

The mean of adjustment score of the students in the health area of adjustment according to gender is presented with the help of bar diagram (Figure-3.03).

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Male Female

0 0 0 1.2

77.99 81.33

22.01

15.57

0 0.9

Excellent Good Average Unsatisfactory Very unsatisfactory

Students

Percentage

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Fig.-3.03

Mean of Adjustment Score of the Students in the Health Area According to Gender

To test the differences of the mean of adjustment scores of the students in the health area according to gender, the„t‟ test is applied. Here, the null hypothesis (H01) is-There is no significant difference on adjustment of the undergraduate level students between male and female.

It is also observed that the calculated „t‟ value for the mean difference of the adjustment score of male and female students in the health area is 17.29 (at df 1 and 648 ) which is greater than the tabulated critical „t‟ value at 0.01 and 0.05 level of significance. There is highly significant difference at 0.01& 0.05 levels in the mean of adjustment score of the male and female students.

Hence, the null hypothesis H02 is rejected at both 0.01 & 0.05 level. It could be concluded that there is significant difference in the adjustment between male and female students in respect of health area (Table-3.03).

The percentage distribution of the students in the health area of adjustment according to location of institution is presented the Table 3.04.

Table-3.04

Percentage Distribution of the Students in the Categories of Adjustment According to the Location of Institution in Health area

Area of Adjustment

Category of Adjustment

Range of scores

Students

Rural (N=440) Urban (N=210) Number Percentage Number Percentage

Health

Excellent Below 1 - - - -

Good 1-3 - - 3 1.43

Average 4-10 295 67.05 196 93.33

Unsatisfactory 11-13 139 31.59 11 5.24

Very unsatisfactory 14 & above 6 1.36 - -

In the health area of adjustment, the percentages of the students of rural institutions are 67.05, 31.59, and 1.36 in average, unsatisfactory and very unsatisfactory category respectively. In the same area among the students of urban institutions, 93.33 per cent are in average category5.24

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Health 11.63

9.33

Male Female

Area of adjustment

Mean of adjsutment Score

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per cent in unsatisfactory and 1.43 per cent are in good category of adjustment. There is no student of rural institutions in excellent and good category whereas no student of urban institutions in the excellent and very unsatisfactory category of adjustment. It is observed that the adjustment capacity of the students of urban institutions is better than the students of rural institutions in the health area of adjustment (Table-3.04).

The percentage of the students in the health area of adjustment according to location of Institution is presented with the help of bar diagram (Figure-3.04).

Fig.-3.04

Percentage of the Students in the Health Area of Adjustment According to the Location of Institution.

The collected data are tabulated and calculated for the Mean, Standard Deviation and „t‟

value . The Mean of adjustment score, Standard Deviation and „t” value of the students in the health area according to the location of institution is presented in the Table-3.05.

Table-3.05

Mean and Standard Deviation of Adjustment Score and ‘t’ value of the Students in the Health Area According to the Location of Institution

Area of Adjustment Location of Institution

Mean Standard Deviation

„ t ‟ value Level of Significance

Health

Rural 11.12 1.92

10.68 Significant

Urban 9.48 1.65

The mean of adjustment score of the students of rural institutions is higher (11.12) than the urban institutions (9.48) in the health area of adjustment. It could be concluded that the students of urban institutions are better adjusted than the students of rural institutions in the health area of adjustment (Table-3.05).

The mean of adjustment score of the students in the different areas of adjustment according to the location of institution is presented with the help of bar diagram (Figure-3.05).

0 20 40 60 80 100

Rural Urban

0 0 0 1.43

67.05

93.33

31.59

1.36 5.24 0

Excellent Good Average Unsatisfactory Very unsatisfactory

Students

Percentage

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Fig.-3.05

Mean of Adjustment Score of the Students in the Different Areas According to the Location of Institution

It is observed from the Table-3.05 that the calculated „t‟ value for the total mean adjustment score of the students rural and urban institutions is 10.68 at df 1 and 648 which is greater than tabulated critical „t‟ value at 0.01 and 0.05 level. There is highly significant difference at 0.01&

0.05 levels in the mean of adjustment score of the students of rural and urban institutions.

Therefore, the null hypothesis (H03) rejected at both 0.01 and 0.05 level in the health area of adjustment. It could be concluded that there are significant differences in the mean of adjustment scores of the students of rural and urban institutions in respect of health area of adjustment.

4. Major Findings of the Study:

The major findings related to the different objectives of the study are presented as follows:

It is found in the health area that the highest percentage of the students of undergraduate level is in the average category (80.16%) followed by unsatisfactory (18.46%), very unsatisfactory (0.92%) and good category (0.46%) of adjustment. The students of undergraduate level have adjustment problem in the health area.

The highest percentage of the male students are in the average category (77.99%) followed by unsatisfactory category (22.01%) while; the percentage of the female students is highest in average category (81.33%) followed by unsatisfactory (15.57%), good (1.20%) and very unsatisfactory (0.90%) category of adjustment. The mean of adjustment score of the male students (11.63) of undergraduate level is significantly higher than the female students (9.33) in the health area. The adjustment of the female students of undergraduate level is significantly better than the male students in the health area.

It is revealed from the analysis that the highest percentage of the students of rural colleges is in the average category (67.05%) followed by unsatisfactory (31.59%) and very unsatisfactory category (1.36%) of adjustment. In the same area, the highest percentage of the students of urban colleges is in the average category (93.33%) followed by unsatisfactory (5.24%) and good category (1.43%) of adjustment. The mean of adjustment score of the students of rural colleges (11.12) is significantly higher than the students of urban colleges (9.48) in the health area. The adjustment of the students of urban colleges is significantly better than the students of rural colleges in the health area.

8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5

Health 11.12

9.48

Rural Urban

Area of adjustment

Meanof adjsutment Score

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5. Conclusion:

On the basis of the present study, the following conclusions could be drawn.

5.1 The students of colleges have adjustment problems in the health area.

5.2 There is significant difference in the mean adjustment score of the students of colleges in health area of adjustment.

5.3 The adjustment of the female students of colleges is significantly better than the male students in health area.

5.4 The adjustment of the students of urban institutions is significantly better than the students of rural institutions in the health area.

6. Reference:

[1] Anita, K.M. (1994). Sex difference in adolescents‟ self-concept and adjustment. Res. highlights. 4, pp-79.

Arkoff, A. (1968). Adjustment and mental health. New York: McGraw-Hill.

[2] Basu, S. (2012). Adjustment of Secondary School Students. Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies. Oct-Nov, 2012, Vol. – I, Issue-III.

[3] Bhatt, M.B. (2012). A Study of Adjustment of College Student in relation to certain Variables in Surat District. Quest International Multidisciplinary Research Journal. Volume – I, Issue – II, December – 2012, pp- 122,

[4] Goldenson, R. M. (1970). The Encyclopedia of Human Behaviour, Volume-1, Psychology, Psychiatry and Mental Health.

[5] Lagner, V.K. (1962). Local and sex difference in health adjustment of students. J. Comm. Guid.res. 16(2), pp- 200-235.

[6] Lazarus, R. (2001). Patterns of adjustment and human Effectiveness (Students Edition). Tokyo: M C Graw Hill Book Co. Inc.

[7] Nanda, A.K. (2001). Health of high school students: a comparative study. Ind. Psych. Rev.56 (1): 2-7.

[8] Palsane, M.N. (1970). Health and parental education as factors in personal adjustment. Psych. Studies, 15: 55- 58.

[9] Pathak, Y. V. (2014). Mental Health and Social Adjustment among College Students; International Journal of Public Mental Health and Neurosciences ISSN: 2394-4668; Volume 1, Issue 1, December -2014.

[10] Saikia, R. (2017). Adjustment Problems of Students of Undergraduate Level with Special Reference to Nagaon District of Assam .Ph.D thesis, Gauhati University.

[11] Sharma, P. & Saini, N. (2013). Health, social and emotional problems of college students, IOSR Journal of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 14, Issue 5 (Sep. - Oct. 2013), pp- 21-34.

[12] Talukdar, N. N. & Talukdar, M.C. (2008). Adjustment Problems of adolescent Students. Seven Survey of Educational Research, New Delhi, NCERT pp-333.

[13] Veershwar, P. (1979). A study of mental health and adjustment problems of college going girls, Fourth Survey of Research in Education (1983-88) Vol. I, pp-454-455.

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