Participation in Driving the Sewage Disposal Policy of Local Administration Organizations in Udon Thani Province, Thailand
Boonpeng Sittivongsa1, Hathaiwan Tunyapanich2, Apiwich Srisaeng3, Yukhontorn Nontathai4, Sanya Kenaphoom5*
1,2,3
Northeastern University, Thailand
4Provincial Waterworks Authority
5Rajabhat Mahasarakham University, Thailand
*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Abstract
Participating in responsibility is an important issue in all countries, especially the local authorities of each country, international organizations. Therefore, the disposal of dirt is a major concern of the World Health Organization in solving the problem that each agency and country must be very aware of. It is therefore imperative that a significant contribution to the aforementioned problems is involved, Thailand is considered to be developing in each area effectively. However, waste disposal still has problems and what solutions must be addressed. Therefore, this research aims (1) to study participation in driving the elimination of local administrative organization policy. (2) To analyze the factors that influence the participation in driving the elimination of the sanitation policy of the local administration organization.And (3) to find ways to drive the elimination policy of local administration. The study was conducted in the area of Udon Thani Province, Thailand.The sample surveyed 400 people and interviewed 20 key informants. Quantitative data analysis using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Data from in-depth interviews were analyzed using content analysis methods.The results of the study found that:
The participation in driving the elimination policy of the local administration organization in all aspects was at a moderate level (X=3.04, S.D.=.50). ranking aspect from highest to lowest; the implementing a waste disposal policy ( X=3.05 S.D.=.31, Establishing a waste disposal policy (X=3.04 S.D.=.33, and Evaluation of sewage disposal policies ( X=3.03 S.D.=.50) respectively.
The factors affecting the participation in driving the elimination policy of the local administration organization were statistically significant at the level 0.05 were: Roles of community leaders and their roles in local communities Where the coefficient of the predictor in the raw score (b) is equal to0.425, 0.375, The coefficient of the forecasting variable in the standardized model (β) was 0.629, 0.793respectively.
Guidelines for driving the elimination policy of the local administration organization are as follows:It should manage to formulate policies in a structured manner, to participate in government agencies as well as networks of parties, separating the functions of government agencies that formulate and promote activities between people and communities.Government agencies jointly define clear policies, public relations, invite people to participate, schedule community visits layout operational guidelines. Organize training to educate people about basic information for people to practice health and sanitation, promoting waste disposal, cultivating a conscience with good, proper principles. Organize a system to promote participation in policy evaluation, check for readiness of methods for assessing the elimination of criteria, establish functional models, and effective assessments.
Keywords:Participation, Public Policy, Sewage.
INTRODUCTION
Thailand has had several constitutional versions, each of which has established the infrastructure for organizing and organizing almost all governments. However, it is still unable to make the Thai political system stable and efficient, as well as to truly guarantee the protection of the rights and freedoms of the people. After the political reform, there was a determination and improvement of the problems of the entire political system, with the constitution as an important tool in defining the form of government and the working mechanism to serve as the infrastructure for organizing state administration.Starting from the 1997 constitution, new structures and different structures have been established, politics for people to participate in the government of the country to confirm the principles of democracy by the people, for the people. Thailand today is decentralized in various forms of government, divided into 3 forms: Central, Regional and Local.This is to provide convenience in management, especially in the administration of public policy of the state and people (Parinya Thewa naruemitkun,2015: 273).
Democracy, which is the government of the people, by the people, for the people, aims at giving the people the greatest role in self-government. But with the limited population situation, it is necessary to act with a representative system to act on behalf of the people.
Acting on behalf of the people in the administration of the country creates a burden that exceeds the capacity of the government, affecting the efficiency of management. It can be seen from many problems that the government has not been able to solve, such as delays in public service(Pajon Kongmuang, 2007: 145) Environmental problems, the problem of distribution of benefits to the people, which cannot be distributed evenly, has become an inequality problem between the poor and the rich. In some cases, the government itself, even though it tries to solve the problems of the people, still lacks understanding of details, it cannot solve the problem precisely and cannot meet the needs of the people.The current constitution has laid out a guideline on this matter by defining it as the basic state policy.The state must decentralize the local self-reliance and make decisions on local affairs on their own, develop the economy and public utilities, as well as infrastructure, local information thoroughly and equally throughout the country following the will of the people. The aforementioned basic policy is to decentralize power and governance to the local area for local people to have self-government, there is an election of representatives to administer the local area. Able to resolve problems and provide services properly and appropriately, and a person or a community can exercise that right or liberty following the spirit of the Constitution. Persons who have been violated by their constitutional rights or freedoms can raise the provisions of the Constitution for the exercise of their rights in the courts or to defend themselves in court. A person injured by the violation of his or her rights or liberty or from the commission of a criminal offense of another person shall have the right to remedy or aid from the State as provided by law (Banjerd Singkaneti, 2563: 167).From the nature of the 2017 constitution, the rights and freedoms of the people can be involved in policy-making, in collaboration with local authorities, to establish guidelines, regulations, guidelines for the treatment of multi-party actions. Which determines the citizens to participate in the operation of the local government by applying in the daily routine of the people with sewage business at the time of their transfer to create regulation following the context in that community any.Problem management has to look for what has happened and then be corrected perfectly in the community (Kanokon Boonmee, Sumitra Aiyara and Phattharaphon Na Nongkhai, 2017: 85; Nakorn Wallipakorn. 2011).This corresponds to the principle of government in a democracy that developsa democratic society, it is necessary to create democratic citizenship in which citizens musthave knowledge and understanding about “citizenship basic principle in democracy” which are correct after knowing, it must be implemented following the lifestyle of society. (Sanya Kenaphoom et al. 2020, 2174).
Udon Thani is a province that has grown in social, economic, cultural dynamics in a direction that indicates great progress. However, the problem in rural areas is also a factor that needs to be resolved urgently, it is Rural public wastes that are unhygienic and disposed of, natural waste, and empty plantations. It creates a problem that fouls the smell of the smell, removes tourists and residents of the streets in each village, which each community needs to be aware of to resolve the problem as urgently as possible. And these have created problems for the environment and public health, including an increasing rate of waste disposal that has clearly resulted in a lack of corrective action from the relevant authorities.
Therefore, the researcher would like to study the participation in driving the Sewage disposal policy of the Local Administration Organization in Udon Thani Province, Thailand. Based on this information, it is important to promote participation in sewage disposal, and this is why researchers are interested in studying the contribution to drive the Sewage disposal policy that What is the level of participation in setting up a Sewage disposal policy? Factors influencing participation in setting up a sewage disposal policy. And the participation model to drive Sewage disposal policies.This research will be used as a guideline for policy development, health promotion policy, and public policy management, promoting people's health in the provinces or other provinces.
OBJECTIVES
1. To study participation in determining the elimination policy of the local administration organization.
2. To analyze the factors influencing the participation in the setting up of the elimination policy of the local administration organization.
3. To find a model for participation in setting up the elimination policy of the local administration organization.
BENEFITS RECEIVED FROM THE RESEARCH
1. Know the participation in the setting up of the elimination policy of the local administration organization.
2. Know the factors influencing the participation in the setting up of the elimination policy of the local administration organization.
3. Know the pattern of participation in setting up the elimination policy of the local administration organization.
4. The results of this research can be used as a model for participation in the formulation of waste disposal policies of the local administrative organization in other areas.
METHODOLOGY
The sample group that answered the questionnaire was Government officials and people aged 18 years and over who live in Udon Thani Province, a total of 400 people(Kanlaya Vanichbuncha, 2003: 152), they were obtained by stratified random sampling (Yamane, 1973: 142). Key informants in the interview were obtained by purposive sampling, the details are as follows: (1) Community informants are representatives of the people. (2) Government informants are school director, community leader, municipal officer, sub-district administrative organization staff, district health promotion hospital officer, public health officer. Total 20 people
The research instruments were questionnaires for quantitative research, and interview for qualitative research.
Analysis of the data as follows (1) Sewage disposal policy contributions were analyzed with mean and standard deviation. (2) Factors influencing participation in sewage disposal policies were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. (3) Analysis of the participatory
approaches to driving the sewage disposal policy using content analysis and systematic analysis.
RESULTS
1. Participation in driving the Sewage disposal policy of the local administration organization, as shown in the table below.
Table 1:Participation in Policy-driven Sewage disposal of the local administration organization
Participation in driving the policy
X
S.D. MeanSewage disposal policy formulation 3.04 0.33 Moderate Sewage disposal policy
Implementation
3.05 0.31 Moderate Sewage disposal policy evaluation 3.03 0.50 Moderate Total 3.04 0.50 Moderate
Moderate participation in driving the Sewage disposal policy of the local government organization was moderate (X=3.04, S.D.=.50),the mean is descending as follows: Sewage disposal policy Implementation(X=3.05 S.D.=.31, Sewage disposal policy formulation(X
=3.04 S.D.=.33), and Sewage disposal policy evaluation(X=3.03 S.D.=.50) respectively.
2. Factors Influencing Efficiency and Participation in Sewage Disposal Policies
Factors Affecting Participation in Driving Local Administration's Sewage Disposal Policy by Multiple Regression Analysis
Selected variables B S.E. Beta t P- value
Collinearity Statistics Tolerance VIF
Constant 1.820 1.363 1.336 0.182 2.153 3.772
Community participation 0.335 0.525 0.437 0.638 0.524 0.002 5.342 Role of the school director 0.213 0.795 0.251 0.268 0.789 0.001 4.252 Role of community leaders 0.425 .090 0.629 4.730 0.000* 0.062 6.075 Role of the president of the
local administration organization
0.164 1.271 0.202 0.129 0.897 0.000 2.926
government support .411 .863 .363 .476 .634 .002 7.403
Role of Local .375 .016 .793 23.845 .000* 1.000 1.000
Role of public health .339 2.109 .375 .161 .873 .000 4.072
SEest = .20576
R = .797; R2=. 636; Adj. R2 =.629; F = 96.218; p-value =0.001
* Statistically significant at the .05 level.
The factors affecting the participation in driving the elimination policy of the local administration organization were statistically significant at the level 0.05was Roles of community leaders and their roles in local communities Where the coefficient of the predictor in the raw score (b) is equal to 0.425, 0.375, The coefficient of the forecasting variable in the standardized model (β) was 0.629, 0.793respectively.
The variables that influenced the participation in driving the Sewage disposal policy were not statistically significant at the 0.05 level were: Community participation, Role of the school director, Role of the president of the local administration organization, government support, and Role of public health
However, all variables share the determination of the factors that influence participation in driving Sewage disposal policies was at 62.9%, error = .20576 (F = 96.218; p-value =0.01) 3.Guidelines for driving the eradication policy of the local administration organization found that: The structured policy should be set up, the participation of government agencies as well as networks of partners should be organized by separating the functions of the government agencies that form the promotion of activities between citizens and communities.
Government agencies jointly set up clear policies, have public relations, schedule a community visit, set guidelines, organize training to educate people about basic information for people to practice health and sanitation.Promote the disposal of sewage, cultivate a good conscience, correct principles, especially government agencies participate in the evaluation of the readiness of the inspection methods according to the criteria assessed by the disposal agent, create a functional structure and assessment. Efficiency
DISCUSSIONS
The participation in all areas of the Sewage disposal policy of the local administrative organization was at a moderate level (X=3.12 S.D.=.50). The mean is descending as follows:
Sewage disposal policy Implementation ( X=3.05 S.D.=.31, Sewage disposal policy formulation (X=3.04 S.D.=.33), and Sewage disposal policy evaluation (X=3.03 S.D.=.50) respectively.It shows that the local government does not work on this issue as it should be, even though it is a major mission for the locality to be effective. Consistent with the research ofMetta Sinyabuth ( 2005) It was found that people were involved in the implementation of the Village / Community Development Project (SML) in terms of co-thinking, making decisions, taking part in the action, and benefiting from the operation, which overall is moderate.It shows that people in the service area of the local government are still interested, as well as cooperate with driving the mission of providing public services at a lower level than the norm. That is, the more people are interested in and become involved in the state mission, the more effective it will be.Consistent with the research of Manit Wattanasen (2016) found that the research indicates that the majority of the executives of local administration organizations are fully aware that the public, in general, has a right to audit and evaluate the progress and quality of their work. While all reported some level of government agency inspections, especially by the Office of the Auditor-General, it is striking that ordinary citizens had a negligible role in auditing the management of local government agencies. This reflects that the issue of citizen participation is more of a discourse than an actual practice.
The factors affecting the participation in driving the elimination policy of the local administration organization were statistically significant at the level 0.05was Roles of community leaders and their roles in local communities Where the coefficient of the predictor
in the raw score (b) is equal to 0.425, 0.375, The coefficient of the forecasting variable in the standardized model (β) was 0.629, 0.793respectively.It shows that directing people to participate in or cooperate with public administration depends on community leaders, where community leaders can be individuals of natural leadership until they are recognized Trusted to act as community leaders. Consistent with the research of Suparat Yodrabum and Sirapatsorn Wongthongdee (2019) found that the factors influencing the learning organization of each municipality consist ofthe organizational factors including leadership, organization strategy, organizational structure, individual attitudes and behaviors, human resource development, internal communication, the atmosphere in the organization, the application of technology in the organization and knowledge management. Each municipality has a different perception of factors influencing the learning organization.
However, this research is inconsistent with the research ofJarunee Punsangiam (2007) found that the factor which was not related to the member participation were income, occupied land, education background, age, duration of community stay, support from government authorities, and political participation.
RECOMMENDATIONS Policy recommendations
1. Appropriate methods for educating on municipal sewage disposal methods and disposal of destructive sewage have been adopted for the reduction of individual local sewage volumes in the community.
2. Develop appropriate local sewage treatment methods and guidelines for promoting community participation in sewage disposal for a clean and livable urbanity of the province.
3. To raise awareness of sewage problems and how to solve them for local people to understand and apply them effectively.
Suggestions For Practice
1. In-depth analysis by interviewing the model, methodology, and using a clear structured plan with all sectors participation in campaigning for participation in the formulation of waste disposal policy of the local government organization.
2. Analyze the factors affecting participation in the formulation of the sewage disposal policy of the local administration organization, in particular driving the participation of related organizations to be used as a guideline for the waste disposal policy of the local organization to be effective.
3. Adopting public sector public policy on participation in formulating a systematic waste elimination policy and public policy guidelines.
Suggestions For Further Research
1. The factors affecting the waste management behavior of the people in the area should be studied to be used as a database for solving problems and to have more targeted campaigns.
2. Should study the amount of solid waste in other areas to be used as a guideline for developing appropriate waste management methods.
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