9607
Design of a Hexagonal Labyrinth Implantable Antenna for Biotelemetry Applications
KavithaV.P1, 2Yuvaraj G, Pawan Kumar S, Krithik S, Vishal A N
1Assistant Prof, Dept of ECE,Velammal Engineering College
2UG Scholar, Dept of ECE,Velammal Engineering College
ABSTRACT
Medical management is persistentlytransforming and progressing towards development of most efficient system appropriate for Humanbody .In healthcare services implantable devices became a more interesting topic today which mainly begun with the pacemakers. Because of itsnature of non-invasive, diagnosis and instant monitoring, and simulationover a particular period it is evolving thanks continuously. In this process, a completely unique Hexagonal Labyrinth implantable antenna was presented for the applications of biomedical usageisfunctioned in medical band. The substrate made of biocompatible polyamide substance (er of 0.05 mmwas used as both substrate and superstrate. The antenna proposed is introduced with excellent miniaturization with the size of 6× 6×0.1 mm3 by retainingstructure of circular maze shaped in radiator. The performance of the antenna proposed was evaluated by placing during a accurate human model using HFSS. The results of the simulation for thereflectioncoefficientandgainshowedsensiblecontract. The antenna security was confirmed consistent with the regulations ofIEEE SAR. The link budget analysis exposed this antenna willachieveconsistent wireless communication.
INTRODUCTION
Our world evolution is emerging in no time as the speedyresearchdevelopmentstrategies and tools. Thehuman needs in many living factor are the base for these evolution including health and entertainment etc. There is a very small query in the health and it takes first position as compared to other requirements as it depends upon the life of human being. It fascinates tons of research funding and features a very active market. As a result, scientist in various fields like education and industries are concerned in the design and development of medical equipment and devices which are more reliable and handled easily.
Implantable medical devices are implanted within the human body for various resons to monitor, delivering drug or simulation of specific task. The effectiveand simple design of implantable device was the pacemaker inserted within the human body introduced in 1960. This stepping stone for the researchers to research and design several implantable devices. Many considerations are required for the designing of Medical devices for the purpose of implantation from various scopes like medical, biology, requirementsofElectrical or mechanical engineering. EE plays a big role in the development of such devices with respect to varied featureswithcommunicationandpowering systems. These featuresactingasa dynamic role in the growth of implantable devices and huge efforts are taken by the researchers fortakingbenefits of the optimum solution like the reliable and safe working of the devices.
More challenges and difficulties are faced by the implantable devices than that of antenna design in traditional wireless communicating system because of electromagnetic properties of the human body. Human body tissue will have loss and relative permittivity whereas free space does not have these factors. Thus, the design of implantable antenna are depends upon the complication with several factors, standards and requirements such as:radiation performance, size, SARandoperating frequency.
RELATED WORK
Mohammed Z. Azad et al presented a miniature implanted design of Hilbert inverted-F antenna
with the operating frequency of 1.575 GHz,GPS frequency, this will not capable for tracking the user location, e.g., elder person brain disease like Alzheimer's disease.BehailuKibret et al designed an antenna which fed RF current to the tissues to make the human body itself. Feeding is carried out by RF current through a small toriodal inductor which is used for implanting and clamping round the tissues within the ankle. 1-70 MHz considered asfrequency range, incorporating the frequency of resonance frequency forthehumanbody .Zhu Duan et al stated a novel design which feeds differentially to the dual-band implantable antenna for the 1st time as totally a neuro system which is implantable. The 2operating 433.9 MHz and 542.4 MHz are center frequencies,presentonedge of the 402-405 MHz medical implant communication services (MICS) band, forsupportingsubGHzhigh-data rate implantable neural recording application of wideband communication andthisantenna dimension is 3 (27 mm × 14 mm × 1.27 mm)480.06 mm.Bandwidth which are measured and simulated are 7.9% and 7.3% at the 6.4% at the second resonant frequencyandprimary resonant frequency, 5.4%. AsiminaKiourti et al studied the planning and performance of radiation of novel miniature antennas for integrating the head implanted biomedical instruments operating within the MICS (402.0-405.0 MHz) and ISM (433.1-434.8, 868.0-868.6 and 902.8-928.0 MHz) bands. Chin-Lung Yang et al designed a totallyexclusive antenna for implanting teeth in dental care. The proposed antenna is often attached are the devices which are minimally invasive to watch health conditions supporting the Hilbert-based curve and Archimedean spiralscombination, this antenna is folded 3D antenna which was mounted on a ceramic denture (ZrO2 ), and theMedRadio band is its operating band.
Farooq Faisal et al proposed a novel-shape antenna operating in industry, science and biomedical bands (902-928 MHz and a couple of .4-2.4835 GHz) isminiaturized dual-band implantable antenna.Matthew K. Magill et al developed a compact printed meandered folded dipole having114 mm volume 3 suited to implant during a range of numerous types of body tissue with varied electrical properties operating at the 2.36-2.4 GHz MBAN and a couple of 2.4-GHz ISM bands. Muhammad Zada et al proposed a miniaturized triple band implantable antenna system for the applications of multiple operating in the economic , science, and biomedical (ISM) band (902-928 MHz and 2400-2483.5 MHz) and also the midfield band (1824-1980 MHz). Wen Lei et al presented a ground radiation antenna with having the properties of circularly polarized (CP) suitable for biomedical applications. An antenna on a square ground with alittle clearance is constructed. Impedance matching and CP wave generation requirements uses the reactive components.
S. AbdollahMirbozorgi et al presented an antennaanentirelyexclusive, fully-integrated, low-power FDT forsupportinghighdensity and applications of neural interfacing which is bidirectionalhaving the data rate which are asymmetrical.
PROPOSED ANTENNA
In this work, a completely unique Hexagonal Labyrinth designed an implantable antenna suitable for application in biomedical field to be worked in biomedical band. Both the substrate and
superstrate uses thesubstrate of having 0.05
mm.
By employing the radiator having the shape of circular maze shaped with7 × 7×0.1 mm3 size, the antennaproposed is presented with excellent miniaturization. Fig. 2 illustrates the dimension and geometry of the antenna proposed. The radiating patch is represented in Fig. 6. This structure within the patch are accountabletowardsminiaturizingantenna and BW enhancement.
The antenna is excited by employing 0.3 mm diameter coaxial fed, situated on the proper side of the bottom plane. The antenna designed with the isometric and side views having the radiation pattern employed for FR4 (r = 2.9 and 0.05 mmthickness, which is a substrate and superstrate The BW impedance is adjusted forhidding the AR BW (3 dB) by altering
9609
comprehendperformanceoptimum of radiation, importantperformanceofCP, and a resonance impedance-matching having the structure of miniaturization inside the individualbands of operating.
FIGURE OF PROPOSED ANTENNA
The antenna proposed is primarilyonstructed and examined within the center of a homogeneous skin phantom with 100 mm x100 mm x 100 mmdimensions, as shown in Fig. Thevalues of permittivity and conductivity allocated to the skin phantom are r = 41.33, 38 and 0.872 S/m, and 1.45 S/m at 928 MHz frequencyand a couple of .45GHz, respectively. The skin phantom’smiddlepointwill have the antenna and thus the distance of separation to the antennafrom the airis 50 mm. Likewise, the spacing amongst antenna every fringe and radiationboundariesare greater than 3/4 at 928 MHz.
SIMULATION RESULTS
Fig 1. Virtual radiation
Fig 2. Outer design
Fig 3. Human model formation
Fig 4. Return loss
9611
Fig 5. Gain
Fig 6. Radiation pattern
Figure 7. SAR rate
Parameter Existing Proposed
Gain(db) -26.5 -4.4
Volume(m3) 1.8 2.11
Table : Performance analysis
CONCLUSION
Construction of miniaturized dual-band CP antenna biomedical applications and itsthe experimental validationare proposed in this paper. The performance optimization and antenna miniaturization were accomplishedbyslots introduction inside the radiating patch. Antenna’s circular polarization was verified by the distributing surface current. Theantenna’sBWimpedance and BW AR enclosed the mandatorybands of frequency. The performance evaluation of the antenna designed is achieved by introduction of a sensible human model by the HFSS. The results of simulation for the antenna gain and coefficient of reflectionshowedsensiblecontract. SAR regulationfor IEEE verifies the antenna safety. Analysis through link budget exposed that thisantennaachievesconsistent wireless communication.
REFERENCES
1. Wang, F., Zhang, X., Shokoueinejad, M., Iskandar, B. J., Medow, J. E., & Webster, J. G.
(2017). a totally unique Intracranial Pressure Readout Circuit for Passive Wireless LC Sensor. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 11(5), 1123–1132.
2. Mirbozorgi, S. A., Bahrami, H., Sawan, M., Rusch, L. A., &Gosselin, B. (2016).A Single-Chip Full-Duplex High Speed Transceiver for Multi-Site Stimulating and Recording Neural Implants. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 10(3), 643–653.
9613
4. Kiourti, A., Costa, J. R., Fernandes, C. A., Santiago, A. G., & Nikita, K. S. (2012).
Miniature Implantable Antennas for Biomedical Telemetry: From Simulation to Realization. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 59(11), 3140–3147
5. Soontornpipit, P., Furse, C. M., & Chung, Y. C. (2004). Design of Implantable Microstrip Antenna for Communication With Medical Implants. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 52(8), 1944–1951.
6. Lei, W., Chu, H., &Guo, Y.-X.(2016). Design of a Circularly Polarized Ground Radiation Antenna for Biomedical Applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 64(6), 2535–2540
7. Zada, M., &Yoo, H. (2018).A Miniaturized Triple-Band Implantable Antenna System for Bio-Telemetry Applications.IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1 –1.
8. Magill, M. K., Conway, G. A., & Scanlon, W. G. (2017).Tissue-Independent Implantable Antenna for In-Body Communications at 2.36–2.5 GHz. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 65(9), 4406–4417.
9. Yang, C.-L., Tsai, C.-L., & Chen, S.-H.(2013). Implantable High-Gain Dental Antennas for Minimally Invasive Biomedical Devices.IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 61(5), 2380–2387.
10. Kiourti, A., & Nikita, K. S. (2012). Miniature Scalp-Implantable Antennas for Telemetry within the MICS and ISM Bands: Design, Safety Considerations and Link Budget Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 60(8), 3568–3575.
11. Duan, Z., Guo, Y.-X., Xue, R.-F., Je, M., &Kwong, D.-L. (2012). Differentially Fed Dual-Band Implantable Antenna for Biomedical Applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 60(12), 5587–559
12. Azad, M. Z., & Ali, M. (2009). A Miniature Implanted Inverted-F Antenna for GPS Application. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 57(6), 1854–1858.
13. Kibret, B., Teshome, A. K., & Lai, D. T. H. (2016).Analysis of the human body as an Antenna for Wireless Implant Communication. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 64(4), 1466–1476.
14. Rahim, R., Murugan, S., Manikandan, R., & Kumar, A. (2021). Efficient Contourlet Transformation Technique for Despeckling of Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Image. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 18(4), 1312-1320.
15. Rahim, R., Murugan, S., Mostafa, R. R., Dubey, A. K., Regin, R., Kulkarni, V.,
&Dhanalakshmi, K. S. (2020). Detecting the Phishing Attack Using Collaborative Approach and Secure Login through Dynamic Virtual Passwords. Webology, 17(2).
