Problems Faced By Unorganized Sector Workers During Pandemic Period (Covid-19) – A Study With Special Reference To Virudhunagar District
Dr.M.Jensirani1, Dr.A.Muthumani2, Dr.K.Kaleeswari3& Mr.K.Boopathiraj4, Dr.G.Ramesh Pandi5
1assistant Professor, Department Of Commerce, Psr Arts And Science College (Affiliated To Madurai Kamaraj University), Sivakasi, India
2assistant Professor, Pg And Research Department Of Commerce, Sri S.Ramasamy Naidu Memorial College(Affiliated To Madurai Kamaraj University),Sattur, India
3assistant Professor Of Commerce, Emerald Heights College For Women (Affiliated To Bharathiar University), Ooty, India.
4assistant Professor, Pg And Research Department Of Economics, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous, Affiliated To Madurai Kamaraj University), Sivakasi, India
5 Assistant Professor, Department Of Commerce ( Professional Accounting), Kr College Of Arts And Science, Kovilpatti. Email. [email protected]
Abstract
This Article Discussed Some Of The Important Issues Regarding The Problems Of Covid – 19 On The Informal Workers. Low Income Is Most Troubled Problem, Which Are Less Well Positioned To Cope With Earnings Losses During A Recession, Have No Alternative Earnings. During This Pandemic Period, The Unorganized Sector Workers Have No More Income To Protect Their Family. Most Of Them Have Lost Their Job. During This Pandemic Period, Risk Is Higher For Those Who Are Working In Unorganized Sectors Because They Didn’t Have More Option To Earn Money. This Study Is Made To Analyse The Problems Faced By The Unorganized Sectors Workers.
Keywords: Covid-19, Earnings, Unorganized Sector, Income, Problems.
I. Introduction
The Term ‘Unorganized Worker’ Has Been Defined As “They Are Not Experienced The Benefit Of Pension, Provident Fund, Gratuity, Maternity Leave, Medical Leave, Religious Holiday And Etc. They Are Not Having A Proper Relationship With Their Employer. They Aren’t Has Any Type Of Trade Union Association. But They Are Employees, Those Who Are Working Any Type Of Work Provided By The Employer. They Are Doing Lot Of Works; Some Of These Are House Cleaning, Petty Shop Works, Construction Works And Etc.
In 2020, 501 Million Workers In India. It’s The Second Largest Country In The World. Out Of Which, Agricultural Industry Consist Of 41.19%, Industry Consist Of 26.18% And Service Sector Consist 32.22%. In India, 94 Percent Of The Workers Areworked In Unorganized Sector.
Unorganized Sector Means Are Not Registered Their Activities Or Works Under Any Law. It’s Not Having License Or Approval From Any Legal Body. If 94 Percent Of The Worker Are Worked In Unorganized Sector Even Though If They Provide Low Productivity And Got Less Wages.
During Pandemic Period (Covid – 19) The Unorganized Sector Worker’s Got Unemployment.
So They Didn’t Get Earnings From Any Job. Most Of The Employees Borrow Money From Others To Meet Their Daily Expenses. With This View Point, The Data Have Been Collected From The Respondents Those Who Are Working In Unorganized Sector In Around Virudhunagar Distrct. This Study Made An Attempt To Analyse The Problem Faced By The Unorganized Sector Working – Particularly In Virudhunagar Distrct.
Ii. Review Of Literature
Subhasish Chatterjee (2016) In Their Study Titled On “Labourers Of Unorganized Sectors And Their Problems”. In Their Study Concluded That Framing Of Acts And Schemes Are Not Enough For The Informal Sectors’ Labour Advancement. Execution Of Those Acts And Schemes Is Helpful To The Unorganized Sectors Workers. This Is The Most Imperative Obligation Of The Government. Another Obligation Of The Government Is To Give Awareness To The Informal Workers About The Act And Schemes.
Dhananjoy Biswas (2020) In His Paper Titled On “Problems Of Unorganized Workers And Their Social Security Measures In India: An Analysis”. The Researcher Concluded That The Unorganized Workers Are Affected By Harassment And Job Insecurity. But They Are The Main Important Reason For Developing Indian Economy. The Researcher Also Said That, The Rates Of Unorganized Workers Are Increased But Their Basic Problems Are Not Solved. So He Suggested That, The Government Of India May Try To Secure Unorganized Workers From Their Basic Problems.
Iii. Statement Of The Problem
This Study Is Focused On The Problem Faced By The Unorganized Sector Working During Pandemic Period. The Unorganized Sector In India Plays A Vital Role In The Development Of The Economy. Social Security Is More Important For Each And Every Worker. It’s Also Beneficial For Workers Families. But The Unorganized Sector Does Not Have Enough Means To Provide Security. Majority Of The Unorganized Sector Employees Faced Lot Of Problems Like Low Wages, Work Hazards And Etc. During Pandemic Period, The Biggest Problem Faced By The Unorganized Sector Workers. The Lockdown Affected The Life Quality Of The Unorganized Sector Employee. During That Lockdown Period, Most Of The Employees Were Difficult To Run Their Families. Majority Of The People Didn’t Able To Run Their Family Because Of Without Having Regular Income, Daily Wages And Etc. Before That The Unorganized Sector Was Affected By Demonetization. In This Context, The Researcher Analyze The Problems Faced By The Unorganized Worker During Pandemic Period. This Study Particularly Focus On Virudhunagar District Only.
Iv. Objectives Of The Study
1. To Know The Socio-Economic Conditions Of The Unorganized Sector Employees In Virudhunagar District.
2. To Analyse The Various Problem Faced By The Unorganized Sector Workers During Pandemic Period.
V. Scope Of The Study
This Study Covers The Analysis Of Problem Faced By The Unorganized Sector Worker During Pandemic Period. A Study With Special Reference To Virudhunagar District. The Present Study Knows The Socio-Economic Conditions Of The Respondents. This Study Also Concentrates The Income Level During Pandemic Period And How To Meet Their Expenses.
Vi. Research Methodology
This Study Is Based On Both Primary And Secondary Data. The Primary Data Was Collected Through Well-Designed Interview Schedule Based On Clear Objectives. The Secondary Data
Was Collected Through Published And Unpublished Articles, Dissertation, Thesis, Websites And Etc.
S. No. Particulars No. Of
Respondents Percentage Gender-Wise Classification Of The Respondents
1. Male 101 67.30
2. Female 49 32.70
Total 150 100.00
Age-Wise Classification Of The Respondents
1. Below 25 Years 24 16.00
2. Between 25 To 35 Years 67 44.70
3. Between 35 To 45 Years 59 39.30
Total 150 100.00
Marital Status Of The Respondents
1. Married 126 84.00
2. Unmarried 24 16.00
Total 150 100.00
Educational Qualification Of The Respondents
1. Illiterates 84 56.00
2. Secondary School Level 24 16.00
3. Higher Secondary 42 28.00
Total 150 100.00
Income-Wise Classification Of The Respondents
1. Below Rs.10,000 49 32.70
2. Between Rs.10,000 To Rs.20,000 101 67.30
Total 150 100.00
Occupation Of The Respondents
1. Farmer 59 39.30
2. Construction Workers 66 44.00
3. Acting Driver 25 16.70
Total 150 100.00
Nature Of The Family Of The Respondents
1. Nuclear Family 150 100.00
Total 150 100.00
Size Of The Family Of The Respondents
1. 2 To 4 Member 91 60.70
2. 4 To 6 Member 59 39.30
Total 150 100.00
Earning During Lockdown
1. Yes 42 28.00
2. No 108 72.00
Total 150 100.00
In Virudhunagar District, Had 19.4 Lakhs Populations. Out Of Which, There Is No Accurate Population For Unorganized Sector Workers. In This Way, The Population Was Unknown. So That The Researcher Was Used Convenient Sampling Method. The Sample Size Taken For The Researcher Was 150 Respondents. That Primary Data Was Collected By The Researcher Those Who Are Working In Unorganized Sector In Virudhunagar District.
Vii. Analysis And Interpretation
This Represents The Statistical Analysis And Descriptive Of The Primary Data Collected From Those Who Are Working In Unorganized Sector Workers.
Socio-Economic Conditions Of The Respondents Source: Primary Data
From The Above Table, It Is Observed That Majority Of The Respondents Are Comes Under The Category Of (67.30%) Male. In Age Wise Classification, Majority Of The Respondents (44.70%) Of Them Are Comes Under The Range Between 25 Years To 35 Years. It Is Denoted That, Majority Of The Respondents (84.00%) Are Married. It Is Defined That, Majority Of The Unorganized Sector Workers (56.00%) Are Illiterates. In Income-Wise Classification, Majority Of The Respondents (67.30%) Are Lies Under The Category Of Rs.10,000 To Rs.20,000.
Majority Of The Unorganized Sector Worker (44.00) Are Doing Construction Work. All The Respondents Are (100%) Comes Under Nuclear Family. In Size Of The Family Wise Classification, Majority Of The Respondents Are (60.70) Comes Under The Category Of 2 To 4 Members In Their Family. During Lockdown, Majority Of The Respondent Are Not (108- 72.00%) Earn Income. For That Period, Majority Of The Respondents Are (39.30%) Meet Their Expenses With The Help Of Their Savings And Followed By The Respondents Are Mortgage Their Jewel Or Land Document.
Vii. I. Weighted Arithmetic Score
The Weighted Arithmetic Mean Formula Is As Follows Xw =
w wx
Intensity Value = (Sa*5 + A*4 + A Or D*3 + Da*2 + Sda*1) Sa - Strongly Agree
A - Agree
A Or D- Neither Agree Nor Disagree Da - Disagree
Sda - Strongly Disagree
The Weighted Arithmetic Mean Has Been Used To Rank The Opinion About Emotional Symptoms Of The Respondents Which Is Shown In The Below Table
To Meet Their Expenses During Lockdown
1. Utilize Their Savings 59 39.30
2. Income From Other Family
Member 24 16.00
3. Mortgage Jewel Or Land Document 25 16.70
Total 108 100.00
Result Of Mean Score :Problem Faced By The Unorganised Sector Worker During Lockdown
S.
No. Particular Sa A A Or
D Da Sda Total Average Rank
1. Income 550 120 15 6 2 678 4.52 Iii
2. Unemployment/
Underemployment 540 112 21 8 3 684 4.56 Ii
3. Child Care & Elderly
Care 90 168 120 60 20 458 3.05 Vii
4. Transportation Facility 455 236 - - - 691 4.60 I 5. Healthcare Issues 50 196 18 70 50 384 2.56 Ix 6. Availability Of Food
Products 45 196 18 70 51 380 2.53 X
7. Availability Of Drugs
Or Medicine 50 160 126 56 30 422 2.81 Viii
8. Traditional & Cultural
Functions 415 120 90 14 - 639 4.26 Iv
9. Education - 268 249 - - 517 3.45 V
10. Safety Measures - 100 375 - - 475 3.17 Vi
Source : Primary Data
It Is Noted From The Above Table 1st Rank Is Given For “Transportation Facility” Followed By 2nd Rank For Unemployment / Underemployment, 3rd Rank Is Given For “Income” , 4th Rank Is Given For “Traditional And Cultural Functions”, 5th Rank Is Given “Education”, 6th Rank Is Given For “Safety Measure”, 7th Rank Is Given For “Child Care And Elderly Care”, 8th Rank Is Given For “Availability Of Drugs Or Medicine”, 9th Rank Is Given For “Healthcare Issues” And 10th Rank Is Given For “Availability Of Food Products”.
Hence It Is Concluded That, The Majority Of The Respondents Are Affected During The Lockdown Period Is “Transportation Facility” Followed By “Unemployment/
Underemployment” And “Income”.
Viii. Conclusion
This Study Concluded That, The Lockdown Is The Effective Strategy For Protecting People From Corona Virus. At The Same Time, The Lockdown Will Give More Difficult To The People For Meet Their Basic Needs And Also It May Leads To Give Psychosocial Difficulties For The Population Like Stress, Anxiety, Frustration, Loneliness, Boredom And Etc. In This Study Point Of View, Majority Of The Employees Are Lost Their Job Due To Lockdown. So That, They Don’t Have Money To Leads Their Family. At That Time, They Are Using Their Savings, Borrowed Money From Bank, Mortgage Their Jewel And Land Document. It’s Very Difficult To Manage Their Day To Day Basic Needs Of Their Family. So The Researcher Suggested That The Government May Consider The Working People, Particularly For Unorganized Sector Working People For Their Basic Needs. Because The 94% Of The Worker Working In Unorganized Sector. Through This Unorganized Sector, Our Economic Will Also Developed.
References
1. Http://Www.Legalserviceindia.Com/Legal/Article-3001-Protection-Of-Rights-Of- Unorganized-Workers.Html
2. Prof (Dr.) Subhasish Chatterjee, “Labourers Of Unorganized Sectors And Their Problems” International Journal Of Emerging Trends In Science And Technology, Vol.03 Issues : 07, July-2016, Issn 2348-9480, Pp. 4397-4405.
3. Dhananyoj Biswas, “Problems Of Unorganized Workers And Their Social Security Measures In India: An Analysis”, International Journal Of Research And Analytical Review, Vol.7, Issue :1, March 2020, E-Issn 2348 – 1269, Pp. 931- 940
4. Https://Journals.Sagepub.Com/Doi/Full/10.1177/0020764020935922#:~:Text=A%20lon g%2dtime%20lockdown%20may,Even%20suicidal%20idea%20and%20attempts 5. Https://Www.Gbscorporate.Com/Blog/Five-Common-Issues-Faced-Working-From-
Home-During-Lockdown
6. Https://Www.Eltis.Org/In-Brief/News/Difficulties-And-Advantages-Lockdown-Seen- Employees.
