Screening Antibiotic Residues in Broiler Chicken Meat in Eastern Algeria
Asnoun Z1*, Hani A2 Reumichi H2 , Bouzid R1 And Khellaf D2
1 Lecturer, Chaldi Ben Djedid University El Tarf, Algeria
2 Lecturer, National Veterinary School Algeria, Algeria
*Corresponding author’s Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Currently, antibiotics are used to control the dominant infectious diseases in broilers. The uncontrolled and abusive use of this drug deposits residues in meat. This research highlights the importance and existence of veterinary antibiotic residues in chicken meat. In this study we have chosen on the gel diffusion method for residue detection. The results showed that more than 68 % of meat samples showed antibiotic residues with fluctuating levels depending on the antibiotics.
Keywords: antibiotic residues, Algeria, broiler meat, gel diffusion
1. Introduction
The use of antibiotics in human medicine and veterinary with a therapeutic aim constituted an effective weapon for a long time counters many pathogenic germs [1; 2]. However, the generalized, even abusive use of certain antibiotics, in curative, preventive treatment or as a food additive led to possibilities of development of the allergic reactions [3] and to increase the nosocomial risk and a possible significant relationship with certain cancers [4] and even with the development of populations of microbes resistances to antibiotics ([5; 6; 7; 8].
In spite of the various existing definitions of bacterial resistance to antibiotics in the bibliography and its dependence with the discipline of study considered, its approach and its expression are not completely the same ones, however, all their concepts do not differ in their consequences where the great danger is well the therapeutic in veterinary medicine and human failure, and can be a catastrophe of world width in a few years to come [9].
In order to preserve consumer food safety, a study was carried out on the possible presence of residues of antimicrobial substances in broiler chicken meat in the regions of Souk Ahras and Tebessa.
2. Materials and Methods
80 samples were randomly collected from butchers in the wilaya of Souk Ahras (Algeria), they were then analysed by a qualitative microbiological method allowing the detection of antibiotic residues.
Analysis Methods: The present method had for aim the detection of antibiotics residues, using sensitive micro-organisms. It consists in making diffuse an antibiotic in agar medium containing a bacterial stock sensitive to this antibiotic. For this reason, one deposits identical volumes representing several dilutions of the solution containing antibiotic on blotting paper discs.
These discs are put in contact of agar surface containing 106 to 107 cells indicating stocks or spores. During incubation (37°C /24h), the antibiotic diffuses in the gel by radiate way starting from its point of application. After 15 to 48 hours at the optimal temperature of growth of the micro-organism, one measures the diameters of inhibition which appear as a clear zone [10].
Data Analysis: Descriptive statistics are used to describe the basic features of the data in a study.
3. Results and discussion
Figure 1: Analysis of antibacterial residues in samples
This analysis showed that 68.4% of the products analysed contained antibacterial residues (figure 1), 81,33% of the samples tested positive for the presence of antibiotic residues contained residues from the Sulfamides family, 45,33% from the Macrolides/Tetracycline group, 12,45% from the Betalactamines/Tetracycline group and 9.87% from the Aminosides family (figure 2).
This may be explained by the abusive use of antimicrobial, false diagnosis, anarchic drug use or related to a treatment of the animals followed by an insufficient withdrawal period [11; 12;
13].
It should be also noted that the self-medication of the animals by the stockbreeders played a primordial role. This is consolidated by [14], who find that self-medication was practiced in 79 % of farms in Ivory Coast. Moreover addition of antibiotics as food additive (growth promoter) remained strongly suspected in spite of the prohibition of this practice [12; 15].
In the present study, the rate of negativity was low probably does not mean the absence of residues in the analyzed samples, because the latter can contain antibiotic molecules to a lower concentration than the CMI. This situation could be explained by the use of antibiotics with low dose and for prolonged periods [16].
According to [1], the lack of sensitivity and specificity; as not to determine the exact nature of the molecule present, or the contents, and must thus often be followed tests of confirmations.
Our result was in agreement with those reported by [17]. However [18; 12] revealed respectively a percentage of 86.2 % and 60 % of positive samples.
The negative rate explain by the management of breeding by the official sector seems to be correct and respectful of the regulation and the use in a careful and rational way of the antibiotics [12].
4. Conclusion
The results obtained are quite alarming, especially when we know the harmful effects of the presence of these antibiotic residues, in particular the appearance of antibiotic resistance, on the health of the consumer, which is why, in order to counter this health problem, the rational use of antibiotics and the application, at the level of all the laboratories required, of methods allowing the detection of antibiotic residues in foodstuffs of animal origin are essential.
5. DECLARATIONS
Ethical clearance
The experiment was carried out according to the National Regulations on Animal Welfare and Institutional Animal Ethical Committee.
Source of funding Self
Conflict of interest
There is no conflict of interest
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