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National Research & Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition - IBNA

Book of abstracts of the

7

th

International Symposium of Animal Biology and Nutrition

BALOTEŞTI

September 25 - 26, 2008

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National Research & Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition - IBNA

Calea Bucureşti nr.1, 077015 Baloteşti, Ilfov, ROMANIA [email protected]; [email protected]; www.ibna.ro

Editor is not to be held responsible for the contents of the submitted papers.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.

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O O rg r g an a ni is si in n g g C Co om mm mi it tt te ee e

Prof. dr. eng. Horia Grosu, General Manager INCDBNA Dr. eng. Cătălin Dragomir, Scientific Director

Dr. eng. Elena Ghiţă, Science Secretary

Dr. biol. Ionelia Ţăranu, Head of Department Dr. eng. Veronica Hebean, Head of Department Dr. chem. Rodica Diana Criste, Head of Department Dr. biol. Daniela Marin, Senior researcher

Dr. eng. Pelmus Stefania, Senior researcher Med. vet. Monica Burghelea, junior researcher Med. Vet. Mircea Eugenia, junior researcher Chem. Radu Duca, junior researcher

Eng. Ciuca Nicoleta, junior researcher eng. Mihai Roman, referent

eng. Claudia Dragomir, referent

Scientific referees:

Belc Nastasia –Romania Marin Daniela – Romania Bracarense Ana Paula – Brasilia Mircea Pop –Romania Chrenkova Maria –Slovakia Nicolae M. –Romania Criste Rodica D. –Romania Nollet Lode – Belgium Circkovic M. – Serbia Nys Y. – France

Dihoru Alexandrina –Romania Oswald Isabelle –France Dragomir Catalin –Romania Petkova Mariana – Bulgaria Drăgănescu C. –Romania Pinares C. – New Zeeland Drânceanu D. –Romania Popa Mona – Romania

Fievez Veerle –Belgium Popescu Vifor St. - Romania Ghiţă Elena – Romania Ralcheva Simona – Bulgaria Grosu H. –Romania Simionescu D. – Romania Hebean Veronica –Romania deSmet S. – Belgium

Juskiene Violeta – Lithuania Souffrant W. –Germany Kadlecik O. – Slovakia Stoica I. – Romania Kistanova Elena– Bulgaria Şara A. –Romania

Lalles J.P. –France Ţăranu Ionelia –Romania Levic Jovanka – Serbia Yaman Sema –Turkey

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T T h h e e a a t t r r e e p p r r e e s s e e n n t t a a t t i i o o n n s s

Immunomodulators as efficient alternatives to in-feed antimicrobials in pig production?

Melanie Gallois, Isabelle P. Oswald*

INRA, UR66, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Centre de Recherche de Toulouse, BP3 31931 Toulouse cedex 9, France

*Corresponding author: Isabelle P. Oswald. E-mail:

[email protected]

In animal production, alternative strategies to in-feed growth-promoting antibiotics are being developed to increase the resistance of piglets to disease, especially during the weaning transition where they are highly sensitive to digestive disorders. The incorporation in feed of substances able to modulate immune functions, and thus to stimulate host defence, is a strategy which has gained increasing interest in animal research in past decade. This review will focus on main components known to have immunomodulatory properties, and which have been the subject of in vivo nutritional investigations in pig: yeast derivates, different plant extracts and animal by-products. Yeast derivates (-glucans and mannans) are known to interact with immune cells, particularly phagocytic cells.

However, inconsistent results have been observed when they have been fed to piglets, which questions their ability to target through the oral route the sensitive immune cells. The literature dealing with effects of different plant extracts on pig immunity offers some promising results, but is still too scarce and disparate to ascertain positive effects. To date, the most promising alternative is probably represented by spray-dried animal plasma, whose positive effects on piglet immunity and health would be mainly provided by specific antibodies, but also through non-specific competition of some plasma components with bacteria for intestinal receptors.

Keywords: pig, immunity, disease sensitivity, feed additive, immunomodulators

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Expression of Avian β-Defensins in the chicken (Gallus domesticus) reproductive tract

G. Michailidis1, A. Argiriou2, A. Kalivas2, Melpomeni Avdi1 and V. Pappa3

1Laboratory of Physiology of Reproduction of Farm Animals, Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.

2Institute of Agrobiotechnology, CERTH, Greece

3Technological Education Institute of Western Macedonia, Department of Animal Production, Florina, Greece

Gallinacins (Gal) are antimicrobial peptides that play significant roles in the innate immune system in chickens. The gallinacin genes clustered on chromosome 3 of the chicken genome encode a group of cationic antimicrobial peptides characteristic of β-defensins. Although many studies have reported the expression of Gals in various chicken organs and the interactions between Salmonella and cells of the chicken gastrointestinal tract little is known about the function of these genes in the chicken reproductive tract. Therefore the aim of this study was to identify the types of gallinacin genes expressed in the reproductive organs of male and female chicken. Total RNA was extracted from ovaries, oviduct, testis and epididymis from one year old male and female chickens. The expression of Gals in these reproductive organs was examined by reverse transcription PCR analysis.

Expression analysis revealed that all gallinacin genes were expressed in the avian reproductive tract, apart from Gal-11, which was not expressed in the chicken ovary and Gal-5, which was not expressed in chicken epididymis. Higher levels of mRNA expression were observed for Gals -9 and -10 in the ovary, for Gals -9, -10, -11 and -12 in the oviduct, for Gals -7, -9, -10, -11 in testis and for Gals-9 and -11 in the epididymis. In addition, very low levels of expression were observed Gal-4 in all reproductive organs examined. These results provide evidence to suggest that the gallinacins host defence peptides play a critical role in the chicken reproductive tract and suggest that they are part of the innate defences of the chicken reproductive tract.

Keywords: gallinacins, chicken, reproductive tract

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Influence of dietary plant extracts on mineral content of tissues in weaned piglets

Ionelia Taranu, Arabela Untea, Rodica Criste

National Research & Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania

Lipids and fatty acid composition of Longissimus thoracic and Semitendinosus muscles in finishing Normand cows

Mihaela Habeanu1.2*. Denis Durand1. Mylène Gobert1 and Dominique Bauchart1.

1INRA. Herbivore Research Unit. 63122 St-Genès-Champanelle France

2National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition.

Balotesti. Romania.

The study investigated the influence of dietary lipid (from linseed and rapeseed providing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. PUFA) and of antioxidant (vitamin E plus plant extracts rich in polyphenols) supplements on lipid and FA characteristics of Longissimus thoracis (LT) and Semitendinosus (ST) muscles in 25 Normand (fat breed) cull cows for a 100d finishing period. Animals were randomly assigned to 5 isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets consisting in a concentrate/straw based diet (70/30) (C group) or the same basal diet supplemented with extruded linseed (L) alone (40g lipid/kg DM diet) (L group) or with antioxidants (vit E -250 UI /Kg + extract of plants rich in polyphénols - 1%. LEP group) or with a mixture of extruded rapeseed (66) and linseed (33) (RL) (40g lipid/kg DM diet) alone (RL group) or with antioxidants (RLEP group). Beef samples. collected 24 h post- mortem were homogenized in N2 liquid. Classes of their lipid were separated and analyzed by HPLC and the detailed FA composition of total lipids was analysed by GLC. Lipids of LT were 36% higher than that of ST (P<0.002) mainly due to the higher content of triglycerides. Dietary L and RL lipids did not modify beef lipid content but significantly increased. in both tissues. proportions of 18:3n-3, 18:1 Δ11trans and CLA beneficial for human health. The addition of antioxidants reinforced their positive impact on the nutritional value of beef lipids.

Keywords: cull cows. extruded linseed and rapeseed. antioxidants. fatty acids.

lipid classes

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The effects of hazelnut oil usage on live weight, carcass and some blood parameters in Akkaraman lambs

I.Sadi Cetingul1, Mehmet Yardimci2, E. Hesna Şahin2, İsmail Bayram1, İsmail Küçükkurt3, A. Burhaneddin Akkaya1

1Department of Animal Nutrition, 2Department of Animal Husbandry,

3Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, 03200, Turkey

This study was carried out to determine the effects of hazelnut oil supplementation into the diet on growth, carcass quality, blood parameters and ash of the caput femurs of Akkaraman lambs. Forty native Akkaraman lambs were used as the study material. The experiment continued up to 84 days. The lambs were divided into 2 groups each comprising 20 lambs named as control and treatment. Hazelnut oil was supplemented 3% to the diet of the treatment group. Feed consumption was recorded weekly whereas live weight was recorded in fortnight base. All animals from both groups were slaughtered at the end of the experiment. Blood samples were taken and carcass traits were recorded. Using the blood samples, malondialdehyte, glutation, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and antioxidant activity values were measured. No significant difference was seen between the groups in terms of live weight gain. Feed conversion ratio value for control group was found as 4.67 kg/live weight while the same parameter was found as 4.85 kg/live weight for treatment group. The values regarding malondialdehyte, cholesterol, triglyceride and antioxidant activity were found higher in control group, while glucose and glutation values were higher in treatment group. No significant difference was seen in terms of pH, protozoa species and numbers regarding rumen parameter measurements as well as live weight, carcass and rumen parameters. In conclusion, 3% hazelnut oil supplementation into the diets of Akkaraman lambs, on the one hand increased the GSH and glucose levels, on the other hand decreased the cholesterol level. This could be a beneficial result in supplementation of hazelnut oil into the rations of lambs.

Keywords: Hazelnut oil, Akkaraman lambs, carcass quality, blood parameters

The effects of moderate inclusion of linseeds in layers diets

Rodica Diana Criste< Tatiana Panaite, Mariana Ropota

National Research & Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania

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Use of oil industry by-products in broiler diets

Tahir Balevi@1 ; Behic Coskun1 ; Abdurrahman Aktumsek2

1Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, 42031, Kampus, KONYA, TURKEY.

2Department of Biology, Science and Arts Faculty, University of Selcuk, 42031, Kampus, KONYA, TURKEY.

Corresponding author: [email protected] or [email protected],

In total, 184 broiler chicks were used to determine the availability by-products from the oil industry in broiler rations. We measured the growth performance, weight of carcass, abdominal fat, and composition of fatty acids in abdominal fat of broilers fed diets. The oils fed were crude sunflower oil (CSO; control group), sunflower soapstock (SS), acidulated sunflower soapstocks (ASS), and volatile matters (VM) 5% each were determined. The trial was lasted in 49 days. The highest feed consumption and the feed efficiency values were determined in broiler group fed acidulated soapstock. The lowest feed consumption and the highest average live weight values were found in the diet containing sunflower crude oil. It was concluded that the use of by-products of oil industry in broiler diets as energy source would be used without any harmful effect on broiler performance and they contain more omega-3 fatty acids which is very important for human health.

Key words: Soapstock, energy source, broiler chickens, growth performance.

Use of different silages as new feed resources for ruminants

Akila S. Hamza*; M.M. EL- Shinnawy**; M.F. Emara*; Thanaa F. Mohammadi*

and A.M. EL- Shinnawy*

*Regional Center for Food & Feed, Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt

**Animal Department, EL-Mansoura University, Egypt.

This study was conducted at the Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agric. Res.

Center, Ministry of Agriculture (Regional Agricultural Program). The aim of this study was to investigate the possible ways of utilizing palm wastes as non- conventional agricultural by-product feed source for ruminants and try to improve its nutritive value by silage making and enriched by adding urea and molasse or vinasse. A comparison among whole corn silage (A) and palm wastes silages enriched either with urea and molasses ( B) or urea & vinasse (c) were also investigated.

The parameters studied were silage quality, nutrients digestion coefficients, nutritive values, nitrogen balance. The impact of such situation of feed cost was also studied.

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The results indicated that, all experimental whole corn silage and palm wastes silages were excellent with bright greenish yellow color and have a firm texture.

All silages had a normal values of pH (3.88-4.22).

The overall mean concentration of TVFA’s for different silages were within the normal ranged from 2.25 to 2.55. Results showed that, NH3 – N concentration of the three silages ranged from 2.18 – 2.33 of DM.

The results showed that, the group fed ration C was significantly (P<0.0.5) higher in OM and NFE than the other two groups fed rations A and B. The results indicated that values recorded for TDN and DCP were nearly similar. During the experimental period all animals were in positive nitrogen balance.

Rams fed palm waste silages have the lowest cost / kg TDN and / kg DCP. These results introduce a novel technique towards making best use of palm residues which is applicable on medium sized farms to upgrade lignocelluloses agricultural wastes in such a way that can be used by small holders as fadder for ruminants.

The effects of mannanoligosaccharides on fattening performance in the Saanen x hair goats F

1

kids

Mesut Yildirir1, Ismail Bayram2

1Bandırma Hayvancılık Araştırma merkezi- Balıkesir- Turkey

2Faculty of Veterinary / Dep. of Animal Nutrition, University of Afyon Kocatepe, ANS Campus, Afyonkarahisar-Turkey.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

This study was carried out to determine the effect of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) on fattening performance and in situ Rumen degradable processes in the Saanen x Hair goats F1 male kids. Twenty one male kids weaned at age of two months were used as animal material in this study. Kids were divided into three groups containing of 7 male kids in each group. The fattening trial end of one week training were put on groups fattening. The kids were fed ad-libitum and supplement mannanoligosaccharide concentrated level 0, 500 and 1000 ppm respectively. MOS and feeds which used in this experiment were examined in order to determine in situ rumen digestibility rate in the rumen cannulated rams using nylon bag method. Body weight gains, daily feed consumption and feed convertion ratio (kg feed/kg body weight gain) were found 242.38, 241.26, 211.19 g; 1.340, 1.490, 1.390 kg; 5.54, 6.18 and 6.58 kg/ kids respectively.

It is concluded that the kids on fattening performance were not significantly effected by mannanoligosaccharides however it has shown that MOS addition to the diets could be increase of feed digestibility.

Keywords: Mannanoligosaccharides, Goats, performance

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The effect of heat treatment on ruminal degradation and digestibility of whole nonlinted cottonseeds

Alobeid H.1,2, Dragomir C.3, Stoica I.2, Smaranda Pop3, A. Dihoru3

1General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Aleppo Agriculture Research Center, Hmaimah Research Station for Improvement of Damascus Goats, Syria,

2Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture Science and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, Bd. Mărăşti, Nr. 59, Bucureşti, Romania,

3National Research-Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutritino, Calea Bucuresti, Nr.1, 077015, Ilfov, Romania,

The effect of the duration and intensity of the heat treatment of nonlinted whole cottonseeds (WCS) on the degradability of DM and CP in the rumen was determined using the in situ technique. Nonlinted whole cottonseeds were heated at 1500C for 60(t1), 90(t2) or 120 min( t3). The degradation of DM and CP was determined in nylon bags suspended in the rumen for 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48h. The heat treatment of whole cottonseeds decreased the ruminal degradability of DM (- 17, -26, -36 respectively) and CP (-5, -9, -14 respectively). Whole cottonseed treated at 150⁰ C for 90 min apparently gave the best protection for protein against rumen degradation. However, ADIN shows that longer exposure to treatment decreased digestibility.

Effects of lycopene and vitamine E administration over gastric mucosal damage induced by aflatoxin B1

Doğan Kurt1, Berna Güney Saruhan2, Beran Yokuş3, Dilek Ülker Çakır4,

1Department of Physiology, Dicle University, School of Veterinary, Diyarbakır,Turkey

2Department of Histology and Embryology, Dicle University, Veterinary Faculty, Diyarbakır, Turkey

3Department of Biochemistry, University of Dicle Veterinary Faculty, Diyarbakır,Turkey

4Department of Biochemistry, Onsekizmart University, Veterinary Faculty, Çanakkale,Turkey

Corresponding author: Doğan Kurt:[email protected]

In the present study, we aimed to determine the changes induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) administration on rat gastric mucosal barrier and gastric mucins alongside revealing the protective effects of lycopene and Vit E. Thirty-five Wistar-Albino male rats weighing 180-220 g, were divided into 7 groups as to include 5 rats in

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each group: (1) control, (2) lycopene (10mg/kg/day lycopene for 15 days (Lycopene %10 FS), (3) AFB1 (single dose of 2.5mg AFB1/kg on the 12th day of the study), (4) Lycopene + AFB1 (10mg lycopene/kg/day for 15 days and single dose of 2.5mg AFB1/kg on the 12th day of the study), (5) Vitamin E + AFB1 (10mg/kg/day Vitamin E for 15 days and single dose 2.5mg AFB1/kg on 12th day). Following the sacrifice of study subjects on the 15th day, gastric mucus and phospholipid levels were determined and their stomachs were examined histopathologically. Examination of mucus and phospholipid levels revealed a significant reduction in group 3,4, and 5 in which AFB1 has been applied (respectively, P<0.001, P<0,001). When lycopene and vitamine E groups are compared with the AFB1 group, a significant elevation was detected in mucus and phospholipid levels (respectively, P<0.001, p<0.001). Whereas histopathological examination of gastric mucosas of the aflatoxin group showed degenerative changes, gastric mucosas of the control group and the remaining study groups were normal. Histochemically, while neutral mucins were predominant in general structure of stomach, mixed and sialomucins were observed, as well. Particularly acid mucins with suplhate and periodate reactive acid mucins were found to be more predominant in the aflatoxin group compared to control and other groups.

Histochemical features of mucins were observed to be consistent with specific functions of the different regions of stomach. Lycopene and vitamine E administrations were found to be protective against the damage induced by aflatoxin on gastric mucosa.

Key Words: Lycopene, aflatoxin B1, rat, gastric barrier, mucin.

Evaluatıon of homogeneıty ın feed by method of mıcrotracers

®

mr Djuragic Olivera1 , dr Levic Jovanka1, mrSredanovic Slavica1,dr Ljubinko Lević2

1Institut for Food Technology, 21000 Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1

2Faculty of Technology, 21000 Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1

The mixture homogeneity is an issue of serious concern in the course of adding insignificant amount of feed components in the mixture. Several different methods for determining animal feed homogeneity are used worldwide. In this paper are shown results for mixture homogeneity obtained by the physical method with

“Microtracer” (coloured iron particles), during which the process of adding components in certain mixing ratio has been simulated. Due to the fact that the particle size plays the most important role in achieving homogeneity, two groups of feed mixtures with different particles size have been examined. Study results show that the satisfactory mixture homogeneity has been attained in the mixtures

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with more uniform particles size, whereas it was not possible in the mixtures with less uniform particles size.

Key words: homogeneity, feed, mixing, particle size

Effects of bacterial xylanase on egg production in the laying quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) diets based on corn and soybean meal.

Ismaıl Bayram1*, I. Sadı Cetıngul1, A.Burhaneddın Akkaya1 and Cangır Uyarlar1

1Faculty of Veterinary / Dep. of Animal Nutrition, University of Afyon Kocatepe, ANS Campus, Afyonkarahisar-Turkey.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Corn and soybean meal (SBM) are high-quality feed ingredients for poultry diets.

Despite the fact that such diets are low in indigestible carbohydrates, it has been suggested that the inclusion of exogenous feed enzymes to such diets could improve nutrient availability and, subsequently, improve energy digestibility. This study was carried out to determine the effects of bacterial xylanase ( Nutrase®

Xyla) on egg production, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, egg weight and egg quality of laying quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 120 8 week old laying quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into six groups of 20 birds each. One basal diet with a content of 22% crude protein, 2900 kcal/kg of metabolisable energy was used in the experiment. The energy levels of experimental groups were reduced as follows: Group I; 1,5 %(43,5 kcal/kg), Group II; 2% (58 kcal/kg), Group III; 2,5% (72,5 kcal/kg), Group IV; 3% (87 kcal/kg), Group V; 3,5%(101,5 kcal/kg), respectively. Moreover, 100 ppm of bacterial xylanase was supplemented to all the experimental groups. The control group received no enzymes. The experiment lasted 12 weeks. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum and artificial light was provided for 16 h per day. Significant differences among the groups were examined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. There were no statistical differences in egg production. Results of this study indicate that enzyme addition to corn-SBM-based basal diets can significantly improve energy utilisation (P<0.01).This result was supported with the findings in group IV which had a 3% decrease in energy. There were no statistical differences in terms of egg quality parameters between the groups.

Keywords:bacterial xylanase; egg production; laying quail

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Comparative effects of mint, sage, thyme and flavomycin in wheat-based broiler diets

Ergun Demır1#, Kursat Kılınc2, Yusuf Yıldırım2, Fatma Dıncer2 and Huseyin Esecelı1

1Balikesir University, Bandirma Vocational High School, Bandirma, Turkey

2 Gaziosmanpasa University, Agricultural Faculty, Animal Science Dept.,Tokat, Turkey

# Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]

This study was conducted to compare the effects of mint, sage, thyme and flavomycin in wheat-based (400g wheat/kg diet) enzyme supplemented broiler diets on growth performance, organ weights and some blood parameters. One hundred and five, 1-d-old male broiler chicks (Ross) was divided into five groups of 21 chicks each. The chicks were housed on a per wire-floored cage until 42 d of age. A replicate was an individual cage with one bird. The feeding regime consisted of a starter diet until 21 d of age and a finisher diet until 42 d of age.

There were five treatment groups: control, flavomycin, mint powder; sage powder and thyme powder. The supplements were not added to diets after 35 d of age.

Birds received flavomycin diet gained more body weight and consumed more feed than birds received control diet or herbal powders supplemented diets. Birds fed flavomycin had better feed conversion ratio than birds fed mint, sage or thyme powder contained diets. The sage powder had a negative effect on feed conversion ratio of birds compared to control or flavomycin. The dietary treatments did not significant effect on the relative weights of pancrease, spleen, liver and heart.

Feding either flavomycin or herbal powders did not differed the blood IgB, IgM, HGB, HCT, WBC and BA levels. However, IgC, RBC, NE, LY, MO, EO, PLT and MPV were significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. In conclusion, the three herbal powders in wheat-based had no additional effect on the growth performance of broiler chickens.

Key words: Broiler, wheat, mint, sage, thyme

Improvement of forages to increase the efficiency of nutrient and energy use in temperate pastoral livestock systems

Michael K. Theodorou, Alison Kingston Smith and Michael Abberton

Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Wales, United Kingdom SY23 3EB This mini review considers some recent developments in forage breeding and rumen function that offer new opportunities to enhance livestock production and

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reduced environmental pollution. The paper calls for more exacting, underpinning research which describes how best to exploit forages for livestock through better understanding of phenotypic expression of selected traits and characteristics. The review assumes significant background knowledge in genome analysis, mapping, marker-assisted selection, introgression and transformation and describes how breeding targets are being influenced by issues relating to sustainability and climate change the emerging science-based concepts of plant cell death in herbivores and their potentially associated protein protection mechanisms.

Although the review has generic applicability, the focus is on temperate forages and grassland-based systems of ruminant production. The review concentrates on grass and legume forages and does not cover developments in cereal crops, such as wheat and maize.

Genetıc hıstory of Palas Merıno breed durıng 1930-2003

Vıcovan P.G.*, Vıcovan Adrıana*, Radu R.*, Ida A.*, Zamfır Camelıa*, Encıu Ana*.

Institute of Research – Development for Sheep and Goats’ Breeding Palas- Constanţa

Palas Merino breed was homologated in 1960. It developed since 1935 as a population almost isolated in the reproductive point of view, the isolation being total during 1940-1950 and 1970-2003. During its evolution, there were 8 migrations. After each migration, the genetic similitude of the breed with this raised the similitude with previous immigrations being diminished. During 1930- 1940 the genetic similitude of the breed with Ramboiullet Merino was of 42.3- 40.0%, this being decreased at 2.26% in 1970, disappearing in the breed evolution after this year. The genetic similitude with German Semiprecoce Merino progressively increases after 1930 (14.9%) reaching the value of 47.72% in 1950, and then decreases to the value of 12.78% in 1970. Diminishing the genetic similitude with this breed continued also 1970 reaching the zero value after 1980.

Beginning with 1953 Palas Merino suffers the influence of Merino of Stavropol and Caucasian Merino breeds, imported from the former USSR. After1970 Palas Merino has also suffered the influence of Australian Merino breed. It can be shown that the present Palas Merino have cca. 92% of the genes of the population that was homologated in 1960 and 5% from the genes of Australian Merino breed.

During the whole studied period (1930-2003) the medium interval between generation was of 4.11 years, being bigger on mother-son and mother-daughter filiations; the selection was made on own performance and mother’s performance (the retains at reproductions were made from older sheep „good at wool and milk”). The total cosangvinization of Palas Merino breed increased from the value of 2.75% in 1940 to 7.24% in 1970, then decreasing to the value of 2.03% in 2003.

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These data show that during breed’s evolution the practice of cosangvinization was systematically avoided. .

Key words: reproductive isolation, genetic similitude, important reproducers, interval between generations, consangvinization, relationship in itself

Trends of endangered population of Pinzgau Cattle in Slovakia

Radovan Kasarda * - Ondrej Kadlečík – Gábor Mészáros

Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, the Slovak Republic

[email protected]

Aim of the paper was to evaluate development of Slovak Pinzgau cattle population in last 10 years to present state and propose outlines for future trend.

Sustainable use of animal genetic resources and food production is proposed as the best strategy for their diversity. Achievement of sustainable use would continue to support livelihoods and minimize the long-term risk of survival of animal populations.

Size of purebred Pinzgau (P0) population decreased by 77 %, as well as P1 by 73

%, P2 by 85 % and P3 by 68 % between 1997 and 2007. Decrease of Pinzgau breed was straighter as overall trend in cows’ population in Slovakia, which was consequence of subvention policy in Slovakia and disability of competitiveness if compared milk production with Holstein, or even Slovak Spotted (Simmental) cattle. Milk production level increased in purebred population from 1997-98 to 2006-07 over 142 %, followed by fat and protein production (144 %), but without equivalent response in fat and protein content. Change of existing selection index on total merit index with milk, growth and fitness traits in it, could decrease risk of survival via enriched genetic diversity. Average age at first calving was over 30 months. This remitter insufficient weaning and growth intensity of young heifers on pastures. Even increased milk production of farm due to calving interval over 365 days, it was shown that this is not economically optimal due to loss on number of calves and lactations.

Keywords: Pinzgau cattle, milk recording, population size

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In vitro Conservation and Preliminary Molecular

Identification of Some Turkish Domestic Animal Genetic Resources - I

Sezen Arat

Tubitak,. Turkey

Evaluation of the additive and epistatic variances based on the paternal half-sib heritability in farm animals

Drăgănescu C. I. - I.N.C.D.B Baloteşti, Romania Drăgănescu S. C. - EXIGEN, Romania

Results from this paper are based on the expected paternal half-sib heritability (H0), as a function of the additive variance Va, epistatic variances Vaa, Vaaa, etc. and phenotypic variance V. One supposes the absence of the consanguinity and of the gene-environmental interaction. If one limits the maximum order of the additive interaction to Q, it is possible to obtain a set of inequalities, useful for numerical simulation. If H1=Va/V (the narrow-sense heritability), and H2=Vaa/V, H3=Vaaa/V, etc. (the similar determination coefficients given by epistasis), the simulation of a set of parameters H1, H2, … ,HQ consists in many trials to obtain solutions of the set of inequalities for a given value H0. For this purpose, one uses two methods: 1) simulation with a uniform distribution by the RAND() function under Microsoft Visual Fox Pro; 2) simulation with integer numbers by arithmetic progressions, after parameters transformation. The cases of non-repeated traits (W=1) and of those with the repeatability W= 0

methods are denominated MC-Q, where Q=2, 3, 4, 5 (MC=Monte Carlo), and one adds suffix R for random and AP for arithmetic progressions. It is possible to obtain by trials many realizations of parameters for each method and situation. The statistical results calculated are the average and standard deviations or minimum and maximum values of parameters H1, H2, etc., for Q=2, 3, 4, 5, for a specified H0

value, for the non-repeated traits or traits with a specified repeatability (0.1, 0.2, … , 0.6 or more). For example, under MC-3R method, it results that a non-repeated trait having the paternal half-sib heritability H0=0.25 has the minimum, maximum and average of the narrow sense heritability H1 equal with 0.009, 0,248 and 0.173 respectively, but equal with 0.171, 0.249 and 0.224 if the trait has the repeatability 0.5. When Q increases, the values of the statistics tend to establish. The linear regression of the statistics values obtained for Q=2, 3, 4, 5 on 1/Q is used to calculate the limit of the statistic value when Q=∞, which is the intercept. So, the calculated average or standard deviation of H1 is not dependent of Q. The simulation methods proposed and numerical values obtained give an image more complete about the magnitude of additive variance Va and epistatic variances Vaa,

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Vaaa, etc. in terms of the determination coefficients H1, H2, etc., and by consequence the epistatic variances must not be neglected.

Keywords: variance, additive effect, epistatic effect, paternal half-sib heritability, simulation

Estimation of genetic parameters for milk yield of black and white cattle reared at Polatli state farm in Turkey

Emine Hesna SAHIN1 Süleyman CILEK2

1Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Husbandry, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, [email protected]

2Kirikkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Husbandry,

In this study, between 1993 and 2006, lactation records were obtained from Polatlı State Farm, Ankara in Turkey, belonging to the Ministry of Agriculture. Lactation milk yield was calculated by taking results of monthly test day milk yield tests in the farm by using Holland method. Lactations with less than 7 tests were not used in calculation. Milk yields were standardized to mature age and 305 days by using adjustment factors estimated for this herd, and were adjusted for year and season whose effects were significant, and then repeatability and heritability of first, second and all lactation milk yields was estimated on 2004, 936, 543 and 2653 standardized lactation records with minimum of 2 lactations/cow, 5 daughters/bull, 5 daughters/bull and 10 daughers per bull, respectively.

Heritability of first lactation milk yield was estimated by paternal half sib method from 2653 lactations of cows sired by 71 bulls which had at least 10 daughters.

Heritability of milk yield for first, second and all lactations were estimated as 0.47

± 0.12, 0. 38±0. 04, and 0.30±0.06, respectively.

From a total of 2004 lactation records of cows which had at least two lactations, repeatability of milk yield was estimated as 0.51 ±0.02. By using successive two, three, four, five and total lactation data from records adjusted, the repeatability were estimated as 0.60 ± 0.02, 0.49 ±0.03, 0.37 ± 0.05, 0.37 ± 0.08, 0.51 ± 0.02 for milk yield, respectively.

As repeatability was high, cows may be evaluated according to first milk yield records in culling. Heritability of milk yield for first lactations was at high level.

So, both individual and relatives yield in this farm ought to be taken into consideration to select cows for milk yield. Selection of heifer for milk yield should be conducted in first lactation.

Keywords: Cattle, milk yield, genetic parameters, repeatability, heritability

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Breeding potential of the Slovak Pinzgau cattle: Seeking for biochemical and molecular biologic traits.

12Melus V., 1Kasarda R., 1Kadlecik O., 1Trakovicka A.

1 Department of Genetics and Breeding Biology, SPU Nitra

2 Institut of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty Hospital Nitra

Slovak Pinzgau cattle belongs to the low populous, endangered breeds. In our study we tested 53 healthy steers for the single nucleotide polymorphism T/C at the nucleotide position 878 of the bovine stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene (SCD1) together with the cholesterol metabolites (HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol). The group comprehend 33 extensive pastured and 20 corn -fattened animals.

We revealed presence of the genetic equilibrium in the population (p=0,93), significant higher values of HDL- cholesterol (p=0,03) and total cholesterol (p=0,01), but not LDL- cholesterol in pastured steers and non-significant lower concentrations of cholesterol metabolites in A/A homozygotes for T878C SCD1 polymorphism carriers.

Key words: Slovak Pinzgau cattle, SCD1 gene, cholesterol metabolites

Bio-aerosols in poultry houses – risks for animal, man and environment

Joerg Hartung

Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Behaviour of Farm

Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17p, 30559 Hannover, Germany. [email protected]

The air in modern poultry production systems contains a large variety of air pollutants such as gases like ammonia and carbon dioxide, dust micro-organisms and endotoxins. These pollutants, also addressed as bio-aerosols, are increasingly regarded as detrimental for the respiratory health of animals kept in these facilities, humans working in this atmosphere and annoying for residents living in the neighbourhood of such animal enterprises. Primary and opportunistic microbial pathogens may cause directly infectious and allergic diseases in farm animals, and chronic exposure to some types of aerial pollutants may exacerbate multi-factorial environmental diseases. There are, however, few international field surveys paying attention to the health of the farmers and the farm personnel working in such atmospheres and to the spread of pathogens from farm buildings. Studies reveal that up to 20 % of farmers and farm workers complain about symptoms of respiratory affections such as coughing, sputum, wheezing and others. Some

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develop asthma others develop diseases which are described as e.g. ODTS (organic dust toxic syndrome). There are indications that various pathogens can survive in ambient air for several minutes and can be distributed over long distances, e.g. foot and moth virus more than 50 km, Staphylococcae up to 500 m.

This paper briefly defines the term bio-aerosol, reports about the complex nature and composition of the aerial pollutants (gases, dust, micro-organisms, endotoxins), gives some quantitative data of air pollutants in poultry houses and shows their potential role in the development respiratory diseases in man and animal and their possible travel distances in the surrounding of farms and discusses

“safe distances” between flocks and between farms and residential areas. A future- oriented sustainable farm animal production should enhance - beside the topics of animal welfare, consumer protection, economy and occupational health - also standards to prevent or reduce the spread of pathogens via the air.

Organic animal breeding and production; quality assessment of raw materials and products

J. Seregi1, G. Zsarnóczay2, K. Incze2, Á. Kovács2, G. Holló1

1University of Kaposvár, Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Diagnostics and Oncoradiology, 7400 Guba S. út 40. Hungary

2 Hungarian Meat Research Institute, 1097 Budapest, Gubacsi út 6/b.

Hungary

There is an increased need for the products of ecological/organic animal breeding origin (products from agro-units with ecological qualification or units to go organic). The marketing data seems to prove this concept. From the point of view of organic animal breeding Germany has an outstanding role, where the development of this sector sharply increases. As much as 21% of German products is marketed in direct way (ab Hof; ab Farm). The Austrian organic animal breeding is also very significant. This trend in other EU member countries is not so uniform, regarding the difficulties of direct marketing, too. The manufacturing of eco-raw materials (e.g. milk, eggs, meat) and products are strictly regulated by international laws. They are controlled on national levels, too. The authors present the analysing processes and the quality preferences concerning human nutrition. They are dealing with the protection of origin, prevention of adulteration and food safety questions. Furthermore they present examples for the advantages of indigenous, traditional breeds used in the organic production.

Keywords: organic animal breeding, traditional animal races, eco products, direct marketing

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Effect of stocking density on litter microbial load in broiler chickens

Yardimci, M.1# Kenar, B.2

1 Afyon Kocatepe University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Animal Husbandry

2 Afyon Kocatepe University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Microbiology

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbial load of the litter in broiler houses with different stocking densities. At the 35 to 42 days of growing period, forty poultry houses with wood shavings litter were selected at random and litter drag swap samples were collected in Bolu region. The houses were allocated into two groups according to the stocking density. Group I involved 10-13 birds/m2 and group II involved 14-17 birds/m2. Mortality figures were recorded for group comparisons. Twenty litter samples from each house were collected throughout the house. Samples were transported in cold chain to the laboratory for analysis.

Following the incubations, standard plate counting techniques was used for aerobic, anaerobic, coliform, clostridium, salmonella and mold and yeast counts.

Comparative results for Group I and II were 4,5x108 and 4,9x108 for PCA, 1,5x104 and 1,2x104 for E. coli, 3,1x106 and 2,4x106 for Coliform, 3,1x106 and 3,2x106 for Clostridium, 0,9x105 and 1,3x105 for Mold and Yeast, 7,5x105 and 7,1x105 Staphyloccocci and 3,1 x104 and 3,3 x104 for Salmonella. Results show that the stocking density had no significant effect on microbial count in any of the litter samples and it can be concluded that stocking density changing from 10 to 17 birds/m2 did not affect microbial loads of the broiler litters.

Key Words: Broiler, microbial load, stocking density

The chemical composition of the green protein concentrate, prepared from various grasses.

Caisin Larisa, Natalia Grosu

The State Agrarian University of Moldova, the faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Breeding,

The article presents the researches carried out with the utilization of green mass of lucerne, cereals and motley grass. At the beginning the initial material was analyzed on the content of nutritious substances. Further the green mass was divided into fractions and out of the obtained sap of different kinds of plants a protein green concentrate was prepared which like the initial raw material was preserved with formic and propionic acid at the level of 3 and 5% to the mass.

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After the preserving of the products they were analyzed chemically. In the work the comparative analysis of the chemical composition of GPC obtained out of lucerne and other grasses is given, which shows that the biggest protein and carotene extracts have been obtained out of lucerne, and that the grass products have been better kept at their preserving with formic acid at the level of 3% to the mass.

Key words: green protein concentrate, lucerne, motley grass, cereals, chemical composition.

Effects of zearalenone on the metabolism and meat quality in poultry

R. Duca1, Frederique Bravin2, Mariana Ropota1, Rodica Diana Criste1 and M.

Delaforge2

1National Research & Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania

2SB2SM / IBiTec-S / DSV / CEA Saclay, France

Testing and evaluating the mathematical models applied in life sciences

R. Burlacu*, V. Damian**, I. Surdu***

*USAMV – Bucharest

**Univ. Bucharest

***SIAT-SA, Bucharest

Mathematical modelling may contribute in many ways to animal feeding and production among which: the biological hypotheses expressed in mathematical language may provide a quantitative description and understanding of the biological problems; a mathematical model can supply the means to furnish the farmers with stored data in a readily usable way; the practical advantages of the proposed research methods can be synthesized with the mathematical models, thus stimulating the adoption of more efficient methods of production; modelling enables to have less ad-hoc experiments because it is easier, using the models, to design experiments which to respond to particular research demands, or to dissociate between alternative mechanisms; modelling may provide a strategic and tactic support to a research program, justifying the activity of the scientists and promoting collaboration.

Keywords: animal production, mathematical model, evaluation, testing, egg production.

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Estimating the live weight using some body measurements in Saanen goats reared in Bolu conditions

G. Pesmen, M. Yardimci#

Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Husbandry

This research was carried out to investigate the estimation of the live weight in Saanen Goats reared in Bolu conditions by statistical methods. Seventy Saanen Goats were used as the study material. The goats were divided into two groups.

The first group included 2-2.5 years aged goats at first lactation period while the second group included the goats ready to be inseminated for the first time.

According to the taken lineer body measurements the average live weight, heart girth, shank circumference, withers height, body length and chest depth values were calculated as 55.37 kg, 91.57, 9.32, 66.94, 109.75 and 32.55 cm respectively for the first group whereas the same parametres were calculated as 41.03 kg, 84.00, 8.86, 62.07, 101.55 and 30.27 cm respectively for the second group. Live weight (LW) was found to be highly correlated with heart girth (HG), shank circumference (SC), withers height (WH), body length (BL) and chest depth (CD) in the first group, whereas in the second group live weight was highly correlated with heart girth and body length. The regression equation for the first group was established as LW = -151,295 + 1,067*HG + 3,262*BL + 0,167*SC + 0,604*WH + 0,254*CD and it was LW = -64,753 + 0,863*HG + 0,717*SC – 0,029*SC + 0,207*WH + 0,254*CD for the second group. As a result of this study, it is concluded that live weight could be predicted using several body measurements in Saanen goats.

Key words: Live weight, correlation, regression, Saanen goat, body measurements

The stimulation of milk secretion at sheep and goats by supplementing the fodder ratios with vegetal lecithin

Carmen Ana Pivodă*; Camelia Zoia Zamfir*; Daniela Jitariu**; Sauer Ioan Walter*; Toma Alexandrina***

*ICDCOC Palas, Constanţa, România **Ovidius University Constanţa, România

***The Company for Applied Research and Investments – Bucureşti , România

With the purpose of increasing the milk production at milking sheep and goats they were given a supplement of vegetal lecithin, residue (mucilage) from

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manufacturing the soy and sunflower, which was administrated in the morning, in the drinking water (200 ml mucilage), after a previous dilution with warm water in a proportion of 1/1. At the experimental lots of sheep the total milk production of milk increased with 15-24%, and at goats with 18-22%, even if sometimes the production of merchandise milk had close values between the experimental and witness lots, this being due to the lactation period, which was also variable. It was determined the chemical composition of the sheep and goat milk and it was noticed that at the experimental lots, which received a plus of vegetal lecithin in the fodder ratios there were determined higher values at the dry substance, fat and protein. At manufacturing the cheese it was noticed the decrease of the specific consumption:

in the case of milk gathered from the sheep of the experimental lot the direct specific consumption was of 3,404 l/kg and in the case of milk gathered from the witness lot it was of 3,819 l/kg; in the case of milk gathered from the goats of the experimental lot the direct specific consumption was of 5,473 l/kg, and in the case of milk gathered from the witness lot it was of 5,917 l/k. By recalculating the parameters of milk and milk products at the standard values of the total dry substance it was noticed a decrease of 4% of the specific consumption in the case of manufacturing the cheese from sheep milk – experimental comparatively to the milk from the witness lot of sheep and with 5, 33% of the specific consumption in the case of manufacturing cheese from goat milk – experimental lot, comparatively to the milk from the witness lot of goats.

Keywords: vegetal lecithin, milk production, sheep, goats;

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P P o o s s t t e e r r s s e e s s s s i i o o n n

A study on presence of brucellosıs ın mılk from Afyon regıon sheep

Beytullah Kenar1, Sevil Erdenlig2, Erol Şengör2

1-Asist. Prof. Dr., University of Afyon Kocatepe, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Microbiology. Afyonkarahisar-TURKEY

2- Dr. Pendik Veteriner Kontrol ve Araştırma Enstitüsü-İstanbul- TURKEY 3-Assoc. Prof. Dr., University of Afyon Kocatepe, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Dept. of Animal Husbandry Afyonkarahisar - TURKEY

Corresponding author:e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

The aim of this experiment is to determine the brucellosis incidence from transmission to human by the consumption of cheese made with raw milk from Afyon region sheep which was contaminated with sub-clinically infected animals’

milk.

Milk from one lactation period of 1100 sheep was tested with California Mastitis test (CMT).

Milk samples from 100 sub-clinically infected sheep were collected in sterile screw-capped tubes and tested with Milk Ring Test (MRT). Sixteen milk samples were found to be positive regarding brucella.

The positive animals were also tested microbiologically by monospecific antiserum agglutination test and Brucella melitensis type 3 was isolated and identified from 4 of them.

These milk samples were also tested regarding somatic cell count (SCC) and 800.000 to 10.000.000 cells per ml were determined. There appeared to be some sort of parallelism between MRT, isolation and SCC results.

Key words: Sheep, Brucellosis, Milk Ring Test, Isolation, Somatic Cell Count., Mono specific Antiserum.

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Contribution and researches concerning intensive growing of catfish (Silurus Glanis) in open growth units under the influence of environmental factors

Cecilia Bucur, Mioara Costache, Mihail Costache, Corina Gheorghe, Nicoleta Dobrota

Centrul de Cercetare Dezvoltare pentru Piscicultură Nucet, nr. 549, jud.Dambovita – Romania tel./fax. 0245267003, e-mail [email protected]

In 2007, at the Research-Development Center for Pisciculture from Nucet, Dambovita, has been experimented the intensive growth of the Catfish (Silurus glanis) of 2 and 3 years of age, in open growth units, located in a water pond already extant, the growth units being exposed to the environmental factors.

The growth units with a capacity of up to 1500 m3 are composed of modules, each with a capacity of 300 m3 of water.

The experimentation of the intensive growth of the catfish has been performed in only two of the growth modules. The population density: 300 specimens per module (in the case of 2 years old catfish) and 200 specimens per module (for the 3 year old catfish).

The individual growth increase recorded was of 1.012 kg for the first variant, and 1.368 kg for the second variant, at a survival rate of 89%, and 94% respectively.

The catfish, an ichthyophagous fish in his natural habitat, in the first month of the experiment was fed with a mixed diet (low quality fish and forage, afterwards the catfish being exclusively fed with high quality forage).

The production increase per module was of 239 kg for the 3 year old catfish and of 241 kg for the 2 year old one.

The opne growth system, exposed to the environmental factors may be an alternative to the fish farming technology as it offers the possibility of growing of catfish and other fish species for the market, the fish could be easily extracted anytime, for selling purposes, during the entire growth cycle.

Keywords: Silurus glanis, intensive growth, open units/modules

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Effect of maize treatment on starch and cell walls ruminal degradability and total digestibility in cows

Zuzana Čerešňáková, Mária Chrenková, Zuzana Mlyneková, Mária Poláčiková

Slovak Agricultural Research Center, Research Institute For Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic

In the 2 x 2 Latin square experiment was studied effect of crushed or ground maize grain on ruminal starch and cell walls degradability, intestinal and total digestibility and ruminal fermentation. We used four non lactating cows with rumen fistulae and duodenal T- cannulae. Animals were fed diets consisting of, %:

forage 70, maize grain crushed or ground 27, soybean meal 2 and Vitanix S 1, on dry matter basis. The diets were balanced at 1.25 x maintenance ME requirements.

The total VFA concentration in rumen fluid was somewhat increased (P>0.1) when animals were fed ground maize. Crushing considerably increased starch out flow from the rumen (33.5 vs. 21.1%) and intestinal and total digetsibility of starch were high (82% vs .85%, resp. 94% vs. 97 %). Cell walls digestibility was not negativelly affected by processing. A substantial part of the ingested amounts of ADF(63.6 % vs. 58.8 %; P<0.05) and NDF (69.2 % vs. 65.2 %; P<0.05 ) was degraded in the rumen (59.7 % vs. 57.0 % resp. 65.0 % vs.62.8%.) Also the processing of maize grain did not effected feed intake.

Key words:maize processing; ruminal starch degradation; cell walls digestibility;

rumen fermentation

Utılızatıon of an extract product from gınseng supplementatıon ın dıets and dıfferent energy levels of granulated feed ın the nutrıtıon of rabbıts

1Ľ Chrastinová, 1M Chrenková, 1M Polačiková, 2A Lauková, 2M Simonová, 2 R Szabóová, 2 V Strompfová,1 Ľ Ondruška, 1J Rafay, 2 Z Vasilková, 2I Plachá,

2 Š Faix, 2 MHaviarová, 1J Mojto

1Slovak Agricultural Research Centre, Nitra, Hlohovská 2, 949 92 Nitra, Slovakia

2Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 04001 Košice, Slovakia

In fattening experiments a total of 96♂ weaned rabbits (35th day of age, Hycole hybrid) were fed a diets containing 15.2 % (groups A,B) or 41 % (group C) of dehydrated lucerne meal in combination with 67 % or 39% of agricultural by-

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products and rape oil (1.7 % vs. 0 %) in group. In one experimental group (EG) we studied the effect of Eleutherococcus senticosus dry extract which was applied to feed mixture at 30g/100kg on the zootechnical, microbiological and biochemical parameters in rabbits as well as quality of rabbit meat. Treated animals were compared with untreated ones (control diet B). Rabbits were fed three diets ad libitum. The study was conducted to evaluate chemical composition of meat from rabbits slaughtered at 77 day of age. The MLD (Musculus longissimus dorsi) muscles were sampled from nine animals. Fatty acids in intramuscular fat are composed of 42.1, 40.2, 31.5% monounsaturated (MUFA), 17.9, 18.2, 20.8 % to polyunsaturated (PUFA) and 39.7, 41.9, 47.7 % saturated fatty acids (SFA). The ratio PUFA/SFA (0.43 vs. 0.46), the atherogenic index (0.63 vs. 0.91), and the ratio n-6/n-3 (7.59 vs. 6.23) were calculated. Slaughter parameters and the quality of meat were practically the similar in each experimental group. All animals were found in good health conditions during the trial. The application of Eleutherococcus reduced the mortality and increased feed conversion ratio and average daily weight gain (P<0.05).

Keywords: rabbits, meat quality, fatty acid composition, phytogenic feed additives

Estimation of breeding values of Simmental cows reared at Kazova state farm using test day milk yields

Süleyman Cilek1, Hikmet Orhan2, Ali Kaygisiz3, E. Hesna Sahin4

1Kirikkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Husbandry

2 Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Husbandry

3 Sutcu İmam University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Husbandry

4 Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Husbandry, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, [email protected]

In this study, between 1993 and 2002, lactation records were obtained from Kazova State Farm, Tokat in Turkey (middle Anatolia), belonging to the Ministry of Agriculture. It was aimed to calculate genetic parameters of 305 day milk yield and breeding value estimation of Simmental Cattle reared on Kazova State Farm.

Later, analysis results were compared. In this study, 611 first lactation records of daughter sired by 86 bulls that had at least 5 daughters were used. From the first 10 test milk yield, 305-day milk yield was calculated by taking results of monthly test day milk yield tests in the farm by using Holland method. Additive genetic variance, error variance, permanent variance, environment variance, heritability, repeatability and breeding value were estimated using REML animal model.

Heritability of test day milk yields (0, 14) was higher than the heritability of 305

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